{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:41:12Z","timestamp":1790023272109,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDC\u2010RFA\u2010IP09\u201090204CONT12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDC\u2010RFA\u2010IP09\u201090204CONT12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 80\u00a0000 Egyptians participate in Hajj pilgrimage annually. The purpose of this study was to estimate influenza virus and MERS\u2010CoV prevalence among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional survey among 3\u00a0364 returning Egyptian pilgrims from 2012 to 2015 was conducted. Nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were collected from all participants. Sputum specimens were collected from participants with respiratory symptoms and productive cough at the time of their interview. Specimens were tested for influenza viruses, and a convenience sample of NP\/OP specimens was tested for MERS\u2010CoV. Thirty percent of participants met the case definition for influenza\u2010like illness (ILI), 14% tested positive for influenza viruses, and none tested positive for MERS\u2010CoV. Self\u2010reported influenza vaccination was 20%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>High prevalence of reported ILI during pilgrimage and confirmed influenza virus on return from pilgrimage suggest a continued need for influenza prevention strategies for Egyptian Hajj pilgrims. An evaluation of the Ministry of Health and Population's current risk communication campaigns to increase influenza vaccine use among pilgrims may help identify strategies to improve vaccine coverage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T18:04:07Z","timestamp":1473271447000},"page":"57-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Cross\u2010sectional survey and surveillance for influenza viruses and <scp>MERS<\/scp>\u2010CoV among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Hajj during 2012\u20102015"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Samir","family":"Refaey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP)  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa Mohamed","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP)  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Roguski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Azziz\u2010Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"Uyeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manal","family":"Labib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP)  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Kandeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP)  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60381-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32835f1ae8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2015.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS\u2010CoV) \u2013 Saudi Arabia.http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/25-July-2016-mers-saudi-arabia\/en\/. Accessed August 9 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2201.151340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1306742"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408636"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.outbreaks.0bf719e352e7478f8ad85fa30127ddb8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1707.101484"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"WHO Surveillance Case Definitions for ILI and SARI.http:\/\/www.who.int\/influenza\/surveillance_monitoring\/ili_sari_surveillance_case_definition\/en\/. Accessed December 17 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Laboratory Testing for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Interim recommendations. September 2013 ed 2013.http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/coronavirus_infections\/MERS_Lab_recos_16_Sept_2013.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12482"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2011.140600"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu292"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices \u2014 United States, 2013\u20102014","volume":"62","author":"Grohskopf LA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Firv.12429","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12429","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T00:16:59Z","timestamp":1696205819000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12429","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]}}}