{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T23:27:32Z","timestamp":1782516452909,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]],"date-time":"2017-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN266200700010C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN266200700010C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN272201400008C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201400008C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guatemala is the country with the largest swine production in Central America; however, evidence of influenza A virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content>) in pigs has not been clearly delineated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we analyzed the presence and spatial distribution of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content> in commercial and backyard swine populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Samples from two nationwide surveys conducted in 2010 and 2011 were tested using virological (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rRT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and virus isolation) and serological (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> and hemagglutination inhibition) assays to detect <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Influenza A virus was detected in 15.7% of the sampled pigs (30.6% of herds) in 2010 and in 11.7% (24.2% of herds) in 2011. The percentage of seropositive pigs was 10.6% (16.1% of herds) and 1.4% (3.1% of herds) for each year, respectively. Three pandemic H1N1 and one seasonal human\u2010like H3N2 viruses were isolated. Antibodies against viruses from different genetic clusters were detected. No reassortant strains with swine viruses were detected. The H3N2 virus was closely related to human viruses that circulated in Central America in 2010, distinct to the most recent human seasonal vaccine lineages. Spatial clusters of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rRT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> positive herds were detected each year by scan statistics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results demonstrate circulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content> throughout Guatemala and identify commercial farms, animal health status, and age as potential risk factors associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and exposure. Detection of human\u2010origin viruses in pigs suggests a role for humans in the molecular epidemiology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAV<\/jats:styled-content> in swine in Guatemala and evidences gaps in local animal and human surveillance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T16:08:27Z","timestamp":1479312507000},"page":"182-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Origin, distribution, and potential risk factors associated with influenza A virus in swine in two production systems in Guatemala"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ana S.","family":"Gonzalez\u2010Reiche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center Athens University of Georgia  Athens GA USA"},{"name":"Universidad del Valle de Guatemala  Guatemala City Guatemala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana L.","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de Guatemala  Guatemala City Guatemala"},{"name":"Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda L.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center Athens University of Georgia  Athens GA USA"},{"name":"Universidad del Valle de Guatemala  Guatemala City Guatemala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Orellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministerio de Agricultura Ganader\u00eda y Alimentaci\u00f3n  Guatemala city Guatemala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia M.","family":"Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de Guatemala  Guatemala City Guatemala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Ola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministerio de Agricultura Ganader\u00eda y Alimentaci\u00f3n  Guatemala city Guatemala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Paniagua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de Guatemala  Guatemala City Guatemala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Ort\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de Guatemala  Guatemala City Guatemala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida  Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Cord\u00f3n\u2010Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad del Valle de Guatemala  Guatemala City Guatemala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel R.","family":"Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center Athens University of Georgia  Athens GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70227-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/512813"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7696"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.23.2.1494"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"MAGA.Agriculture in numbers [in Spanish].Guatemala:Ministerio de Agricultura Ganaderia y Alimentacion Goverment of Guatemala;2013.http:\/\/web.maga.gob.gt\/download\/El-agro-en-cifras-small.pdf. Accessed November 17 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"FAO.Classical swine fever: Guatemala [in Spanish]: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations;2011[updated 10\/16\/2011].http:\/\/www.rlc.fao.org\/es\/prioridades\/transfron\/ppc\/guatem.htm. Accessed November 17 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n y Monitoreo nacional de Influenza","author":"Serrano Arriaza L","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"24","volume-title":"FAO Guidelines for Surveillance of Pandemic H1N1\/2009 and other Influenza Viruses in Swine Populations","author":"FAO","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"WHO.WHO Manual on Animal Influenza Diagnosis and Surveillance: World Health Organization;2002.http:\/\/www.who.int\/vaccine_research\/diseases\/influenza\/WHO_manual_on_animal-diagnosis_and_surveillance_2002_5.pdf. Accessed January 09 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.9.3256-3260.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2010.00149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05358-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v015.i02"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"Team RC","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610929708831995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06901-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst197"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1209.060276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01675-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2012.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Isolation and identification of pandemic influenza virus H1N1\/2009 S\u2010OIV from commercial and backyard swine in Costa Rica","volume":"29","author":"Le\u00f3n B","year":"2014","journal-title":"Revista de Ciencias Veterinarias"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015826"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100659"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1812.121116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2008.00043.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","volume-title":"ARI: Cases and Incidence Rates by year, Guatemala 2007\u20132012 [In Spanish]","author":"MSPAS","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","volume-title":"Meteorology: Historical Monthly Records [in Spanish]","author":"INSIVUMEH","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1116200109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.07.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154137"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Firv.12437","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12437","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T01:43:40Z","timestamp":1696211020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12437","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,30]]}}}