{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:40:58Z","timestamp":1778906458894,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008287","name":"Science and Technology Directorate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008287","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Epidemiological studies of the 1957 influenza pandemic are scarce, particularly from lower\u2010income settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed the spatial\u2013temporal mortality patterns of the 1957 influenza pandemic in Chile, including detailed age\u2010specific mortality data from a large city, and investigated risk factors for severe mortality impact across regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chile exhibited two waves of excess mortality in winter 1957 and 1959 with a cumulative excess mortality rate of 12 per 10\u00a0000, and a ~10\u2010fold mortality difference across provinces. High excess mortality rates were associated with high baseline mortality (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>=41.8%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>=.02), but not with latitude (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&gt;.7). Excess mortality rates increased sharply with age. Transmissibility declined from <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>=1.4\u20102.1 to <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>=1.2\u20101.4 between the two pandemic waves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The estimated A\/H2N2 mortality burden in Chile is the highest on record for this pandemic\u2014about three to five times as severe as that experienced in wealthier nations. The global impact of this pandemic may be substantially underestimated from previous studies based on high\u2010income countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,24]],"date-time":"2016-11-24T15:22:46Z","timestamp":1480000966000},"page":"230-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Severe mortality impact of the 1957 influenza pandemic in Chile"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Chowell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Fogarty International Center National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lone","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fogarty International Center National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"},{"name":"George Washington University  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministerio de Salud  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of South Dakota  Vermillion SD USA"},{"name":"Universidad de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fogarty International Center National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Viboud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fogarty International Center National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD 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aspects of the epidemiology of the 1957 influenza pandemic","volume":"51","author":"Payne AM","year":"1958","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Oficina Central de Estadistica","author":"Anuarios Estadisticos de la Republica de Chile (1915\u20101920)","year":"1915"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2011.130632"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"323","article-title":"Symposium sobre la epidemia de influenza en la ciudad de Santiago: Aspectos epidemiologicos y medidas de control","author":"Valenzuela G","year":"1957","journal-title":"Revista del Servicio Nacional"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"316","article-title":"Aspectos epidemiologicos y medidas de control de la epidemia de influenza en al ciudad de Santiago de Chile","volume":"44","author":"Valenzuela G","year":"1958","journal-title":"Bolet\u00edn de la Oficina Sanitaria Panamericana 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