{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:01:53Z","timestamp":1781658113581,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patterns of influenza molecular viral shedding following influenza infection have been well established; predictors of viral shedding however remain uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to determine factors associated with peak molecular viral load, duration of shedding, and viral area under the curve (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>) in children and adult Hutterite colony members with laboratory\u2010confirmed influenza.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort study was conducted in Hutterite colonies in Alberta, Canada. Flocked nasal swabs were collected during three influenza seasons (2007\u20102008 to 2009\u20102010) from both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals infected with influenza. Samples were tested by real\u2010time reverse\u2010transcription polymerase chain reaction for influenza A and influenza B, and the viral load was determined for influenza A\u2010positive samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For seasonal H1N1, younger age was associated with a larger<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>, female sex was associated with decreased peak viral load and reduced viral shedding duration, while the presence of comorbidity was associated with increased peak viral load. For H3N2, younger age was associated with increased peak viral load and increased<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>. For pandemic H1N1, younger age was associated with increased peak viral load and increased viral<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>, female sex was associated with reduced peak viral load, while inapparent infection was associated with reduced peak viral load, reduced viral shedding duration, and reduced viral<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patterns of molecular viral shedding vary by age, sex, comorbidity, and the presence of symptoms. Predictor variables vary by influenza A subtype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T21:10:12Z","timestamp":1487279412000},"page":"254-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Predictors of influenza a molecular viral shedding in Hutterite communities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Biao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret L.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Provincial Laboratory for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J. D.","family":"Earn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"},{"name":"Michael G. De\u2010 Groote Institute for Infectious Disease Research McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Horsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saskatchewan Disease Control Laboratory Regina SK Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Van Caeseele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cadham Provincial Laboratory Winnipeg MB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khami","family":"Chokani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saskatchewan Health Prince Albert Parkland Health Region Prince Albert SK Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Vooght","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saskatchewan Health Five Hills Health Region Moose Jaw SK Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorne","family":"Babiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Walter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2315-5390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Loeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"},{"name":"Michael G. De\u2010 Groote Institute for Infectious Disease Research McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61051-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.11.1333"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ914","article-title":"Symptoms and viral shedding in naturally acquired influenza infections","volume":"62","author":"Kwong JC","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq026"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1704.100866"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2012.00383.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-140"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813001672"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045898"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911530"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652241"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051653"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/600383"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis450"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-3900-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470973394"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v035.i09"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1390807"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"499","volume-title":"Sex differences in prophylaxis and therapeutic treatments for viral diseases","author":"Klein SL","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0811427"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","unstructured":"Organization WH.Sex gender and influenza.2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1702.100282"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000340"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Statement on seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) for 2008\u20102009","volume":"34","author":"Immunization NACo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Statement on Seasonal Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (TIV) for 2009\u20102010","volume":"35","author":"Immunization NACo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656586"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000258"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/657311"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.02.048"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Firv.12448","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12448","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T12:37:26Z","timestamp":1749991046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12448"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12448","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]}}}