{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:07:05Z","timestamp":1790705225944,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IP000828\u201004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP000828\u201004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estimates of influenza\u2010associated hospitalization are limited in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries, especially in Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the national number of influenza\u2010associated severe acute respiratory illness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content>) hospitalization in Zambia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted active prospective hospital\u2010based surveillance for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> at the University Teaching Hospital (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTH<\/jats:styled-content>) situated in Lusaka Province during 2011\u20102014. Upper respiratory tract samples were tested for influenza virus using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay. We estimated age\u2010specific rates of influenza\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> hospitalizations for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTH<\/jats:styled-content> using census and secondary data on respiratory hospitalizations following estimation approaches recommended by the World Health Organization. We used the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTH<\/jats:styled-content> hospitalization rates as a proxy for Lusaka Province. These rates were adjusted for each of the remaining 9 provinces based on their prevalence of risk factors for pneumonia and healthcare\u2010seeking behavior. Rates were expressed per 100,000 population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> cases accounted for 77.1% (13\u00a0389\/17\u00a0354) of respiratory admissions at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UTH<\/jats:styled-content>; 82.7% (11\u00a0859\/14\u00a0344) and 50.8% (1530\/3010) among individuals aged &lt;5 and \u22655\u00a0years, respectively. Among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> cases tested, the influenza virus detection rate was 5.5% (152\/2734), 4.8% (48\/998), and 6.0% (104\/1736) among individuals aged &lt;5 and \u22655\u00a0years, respectively. The mean annual national number of influenza\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> hospitalizations was 6181 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 4321\u20108041\u2014rate: 43.9; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 30.7\u201057.1); 4669 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 3287\u20106051\u2014rate: 187.7; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 132.1\u2010243.3) among children aged &lt;5\u00a0years; and 1512 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1037\u20101987\u2014rate: 13.1; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 9.0\u201017.2) among individuals aged \u22655\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The burden of influenza\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> hospitalizations was substantial and was highest among children aged &lt;5\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,16]],"date-time":"2017-12-16T10:46:36Z","timestamp":1513421196000},"page":"46-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The national burden of influenza\u2010associated severe acute respiratory illness hospitalization in Zambia, 2011\u20102014"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0838-2130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andros","family":"Theo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavendish University School of Medicine  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4395-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Tempia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta USA"},{"name":"Influenza Program Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam L","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cavendish University School of Medicine  Lusaka Zambia"},{"name":"Strategic Information Group Expanded Programme on Immunization Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biological World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Simusika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Center Virology Laboratory University Teaching Hospital  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Chentulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Center Virology Laboratory University Teaching Hospital  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikama Mukwangole","family":"Chikamukwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lusaka Provincial Medical Office Ministry of Health  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mwaka","family":"Monze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Center Virology Laboratory University Teaching Hospital  Lusaka Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515616"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61051-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001977"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv100"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis599","article-title":"Influenza surveillance in Zambia, 2008\u20102009","volume":"206","author":"Theo A","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis530"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"WHO.A manual for estimating disease burden associated with seasonal influenza.http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/178801\/1\/9789241549301_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1. 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