{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T23:59:07Z","timestamp":1789343947312,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,2]],"date-time":"2017-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estimates of influenza\u2010associated hospitalization are severely limited in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries, especially in Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the national number of influenza\u2010associated severe acute respiratory illness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content>) hospitalization in Rwanda.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We multiplied the influenza virus detection rate from influenza surveillance conducted at 6 sentinel hospitals by the national number of respiratory hospitalization obtained from passive surveillance after adjusting for underreporting and reclassification of any respiratory hospitalizations as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> during 2012\u20102014. The population at risk was obtained from projections of the 2012 census. Bootstrapping was used for the calculation of confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>) to account for the uncertainty associated with all levels of adjustment. Rates were expressed per 100\u00a0000 population. A sensitivity analysis using a different estimation approach was also conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> cases accounted for 70.6% (9759\/13\u00a0813) of respiratory admissions at selected hospitals: 77.2% (6783\/8786) and 59.2% (2976\/5028) among individuals aged &lt;5 and \u22655\u00a0years, respectively. Overall, among <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> cases tested, the influenza virus detection rate was 6.3% (190\/3022): 5.7% (127\/2220) and 7.8% (63\/802) among individuals aged &lt;5 and \u22655\u00a0years, respectively. The estimated mean annual national number of influenza\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> hospitalizations was 3663 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2930\u20104395\u2014rate: 34.7; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 25.4\u201047.7): 2637 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2110\u20103164\u2014rate: 168.7; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 135.0\u2010202.4) among children aged &lt;5\u00a0years and 1026 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 821\u20101231\u2014rate: 11.3; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 9.0\u201013.6) among individuals aged \u22655\u00a0years. The estimates obtained from both approaches were not statistically different (overlapping <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The burden of influenza\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> hospitalizations was substantial and was highest among children aged &lt;5\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,2]],"date-time":"2017-12-02T07:06:38Z","timestamp":1512198398000},"page":"38-45","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The national burden of influenza\u2010associated severe acute respiratory illness hospitalization in Rwanda, 2012\u20102014"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Nyamusore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemic Surveillance and Response Division Rwanda Biomedical 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