{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T13:40:37Z","timestamp":1759412437719,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":45,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Population\u2010based estimates of influenza\u2010associated outpatient visits including both pandemic and interpandemic seasons are uncommon. Comparisons of such estimates with laboratory\u2010confirmed rates of outpatient influenza are rare.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate influenza\u2010associated outpatient visits in 6 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> integrated healthcare delivery organizations enrolling ~7.7\u00a0million persons.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using negative binomial regression methods, we modeled rates of influenza\u2010associated visits with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010coded pneumonia or acute respiratory outpatient visits during 2001\u201010. These estimated counts were added to visits coded specifically for influenza to derive estimated rates. We compared these rates with those observed in 2 contemporaneous studies recording <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010confirmed influenza outpatient visits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outpatient rates estimated with pneumonia visits were 39 (95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>], 30\u201070) and 203 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 180\u2010240) per 10\u00a0000 person\u2010years, respectively, for interpandemic and pandemic seasons. Corresponding rates estimated with respiratory visits were 185 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 161\u2010255) and 542 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 441\u2010823) per 10\u00a0000 person\u2010years. During the pandemic, children aged 2\u201017\u00a0years had the largest increase in rates (when estimated with pneumonia visits, from 64 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 50\u2010121] to 381 [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 366\u2010481]). Rates estimated with pneumonia visits were consistent with rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010confirmed influenza visits during 4 of 5 seasons in 1 comparison study. In another, rates estimated with pneumonia visits during the pandemic for children and adults were consistent in timing, peak, and magnitude.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estimated rates of influenza\u2010associated outpatient visits were higher in children than adults during pre\u2010pandemic and pandemic seasons. Rates estimated with pneumonia visits plus influenza\u2010coded visits were similar to rates from studies using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010confirmed influenza.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,27]],"date-time":"2017-09-27T08:38:43Z","timestamp":1506501523000},"page":"122-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Estimated rates of influenza\u2010associated outpatient visits during 2001\u20102010 in 6 <scp>US<\/scp> integrated healthcare delivery organizations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William W.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward A.","family":"Belongia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation  Marshfield WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Fowlkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Baxter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center  Oakland CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation Kaiser Permanente Southern California  Pasadena CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group Health Research Institute  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Glanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Research Kaiser Permanente  Denver CO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison L.","family":"Naleway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Health Research Kaiser Permanente Northwest  Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek C.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Weintraub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9619-4820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David K.","family":"Shay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Estimates of deaths associated with seasonal influenza \u2013 United States, 1976\u20102007","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199707000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.3.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.11.1333"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.2.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2009.00073.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/655904"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/424527"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-1053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001273420401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338363"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.3.585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054869"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.07.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1512.091413"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/currents.RRN1153"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq013","article-title":"Timely assessment of the severity of the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic","volume":"52","author":"Armstrong GL","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"The Vaccine Safety Datalink: immunization research in health maintenance organizations in the USA","volume":"78","author":"Chen RT","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.613"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.07.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-014-0194-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"230","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus activity \u2013 United States, July 2008\u2010December 2009","volume":"59","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"volume-title":"An Introduction to the Bootstrap","year":"1998","author":"Efron B","key":"e_1_2_7_32_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/595861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir749"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906453"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.091285"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.11.1229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"1287","article-title":"Update: influenza activity\u2013United States, September 30\u2010December 1, 2007","volume":"56","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Firv.12495","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12495","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T14:56:14Z","timestamp":1694616974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12495"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12495","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1750-2640"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1750-2659"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}