{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:20:03Z","timestamp":1780514403955,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,10]],"date-time":"2019-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies reported detection of influenza <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> in stools of patients with seasonal influenza infection. While this detection may have a clinical significance, other factors may influence the stool positivity for influenza viruses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate demographical, clinical, and microbiological factors which could favor the presence of influenza viral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> in the stools of patients with laboratory\u2010confirmed influenza infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acute respiratory infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content>) patients were enrolled by general practitioners (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>) during two winter seasons (2014\u20102016). Nasopharyngeal swabs, stool specimens, and clinical data were collected. Samples were tested for 12 respiratory pathogen groups (nasopharyngeal and stool specimens) and for 12 enteric pathogens (stool specimens).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 331 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content> enrolled by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>, 114 (34.4%) presented influenza infection. Influenza <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> was detected in stool samples of 21% (24\/114) of the 114 stool specimens analyzed. Hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a07.8 (95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>)) [1.7\u201033.7], <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.02), age between 45 and 64\u00a0years (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a04.8 [1.7\u201014.5], <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.01), consumption of raw shellfish and\/or mollusks (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a016.7 [3.6\u201090.9], <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.00), and use of antibiotics (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a06.4 [2.1\u201019.8], <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.006) or antiviral treatment (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a07.4 [1.9\u201029], <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.01) were significantly associated with an increased odds of the detection of influenza <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> in stools. Among the 24 stool samples subjected to viral isolation, no one showed virus growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings will be useful to studies investigating the dissemination route of influenza viruses to gastrointestinal tract.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,16]],"date-time":"2017-11-16T16:12:37Z","timestamp":1510848757000},"page":"398-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Risk factors for seasonal influenza virus detection in stools of patients consulting in general practice for acute respiratory infections in France, 2014\u20102016"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5297-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"La\u00ebtitia","family":"Minodier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EA7310, Laboratoire de 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