{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T03:18:47Z","timestamp":1789960727449,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]],"date-time":"2018-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several eastern European countries reported a severe influenza season to the World Health Organization (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>) during late 2015. A country\u2010specific rapid risk assessment for Ukraine was conducted to assess the season's severity and inform public health action.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The exposure and hazard were assessed using acute respiratory infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content>), severe acute respiratory infection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content>), laboratory surveillance, virological and vaccine data from weeks 40\/2015 to 7\/2016 with comparison to 4 previous seasons to describe the influenza season start (5\u2010week consecutive increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content>), predominant virus types, geographical spread and affected age groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The exposure was characterised by an earlier and steeper increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> (week 1\/2016) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content> (week 2\/2016) compared to the previous 4 seasons. Transmission was across Ukraine with an increase in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARI<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> cases aged 30\u201064\u00a0years compared to 2014\/15. Laboratory\u2010confirmed deaths increased from 11 in 2014\/2015 to 342 in 2015\/2016; the majority were 30\u201064\u00a0years old and unvaccinated; and 63.5% had underlying conditions. Total population vaccination coverage was 0.3%. The hazard assessment found influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 accounted for &gt;95% of viruses detected. Ukrainian virus strains (n\u00a0=\u00a062) were antigenically similar to vaccine strains and susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first weeks of the 2015\/16 influenza season were more severe than previous seasons, with an earlier and steeper increase in severe cases and deaths, particularly in younger adults. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was the predominant strain and was closely related to the seasonal vaccine strain with no evidence of resistance to antiviral drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T09:42:39Z","timestamp":1511170959000},"page":"241-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rapid risk assessment during the early weeks of the 2015\u20102016 influenza season in Ukraine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3780-8225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Newitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health England  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alla","family":"Mironenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology &amp; Infectious Diseases National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine  Kyiv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olha","family":"Holubka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The L.V. Gromashevsky Institute of Epidemiology &amp; Infectious Diseases National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine  Kyiv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Zaika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Ukraine  Kyiv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Gubar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Ukraine  Kyiv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"Jalava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Demchyshyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ukrainian Centre for Disease Control and Monitoring of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine  Kyiv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetiana","family":"Dykhanovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ukrainian Centre for Disease Control and Monitoring of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine  Kyiv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"WHO Regional Office for Europe: risk assessment of the 2015\u20132016 influenza season in the WHO European Region week 40\/2015 to week 04\/2016.http:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/communicable-diseases\/influenza\/news\/news\/2016\/02\/risk-assessment-of-the-20152016-influenza-season-confirms-that-ah1n1-is-circulating-as-a-seasonal-virus-but-is-included-in-the-vaccine. 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