{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:03:46Z","timestamp":1790827426745,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Given the sparse information on the burden of influenza in Lebanon, the Ministry of Public Health established a sentinel surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content>) to identify the attribution of influenza to reported cases. We aim to highlight the proportion of influenza\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> from September 1st, 2015 to August 31st, 2016 in 2 Lebanese hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted in 2 sentinel sites located in Beirut suburbs and southern province of Lebanon. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>'s 2011 standardized <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> case definition was used. Data from September 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016 were reviewed, and all\u2010cause hospital admission numbers were obtained. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and tested by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STATA<\/jats:styled-content> 13.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 2 sentinel sites reported 746 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> cases during the studied time frame: 467 from the southern province site and 279 from the Beirut suburbs site. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> reports peaked between January and March 2016. All, except 4, cases were sampled, and a co\u2010dominance of influenza B (43%) and influenza A (H1N1) (41%) was evident. A high proportion of cases was reported in children &lt;2\u00a0years 274 (37%). The proportional contribution of influenza\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> to all\u2010cause hospital admissions was high in children &lt;2\u00a0years in the south (4.5% [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.1\u20106.5]) and in children &lt;5\u00a0years in Beirut (0.7% [95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.6\u20100.8]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first study to highlight the proportion of influenza\u2010associated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SARI<\/jats:styled-content> in 2 hospitals in Lebanon. The findings will be beneficial for supporting respiratory prevention and immunization program policies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T09:42:39Z","timestamp":1511170959000},"page":"331-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Influenza\u2010associated severe acute respiratory infections in 2 sentinel sites in Lebanon\u2014September 2015 to August 2016"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1222-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majd","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Surveillance Program Lebanese Ministry of Public Health  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Bazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saida Governmental University Hospital  Saida Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebstissam","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rafik Hariri University Hospital  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Mroueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Laboratory Rafik Hariri University Hospital  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisrine","family":"Jammal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Laboratory Rafik Hariri University Hospital  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amgad","family":"Elkholy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Mrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Lebanon Country Office  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Al","family":"Samadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saida Governmental University Hospital  Saida Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Hijazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saida Governmental University Hospital  Saida Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firass","family":"Abiad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rafik Hariri University Hospital  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazi","family":"Nsouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rafik Hariri University Hospital  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissar","family":"Rady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Lebanon Country Office  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wasiq","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamunur","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Zalloua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Laboratory Rafik Hariri University Hospital  Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"Lebanese American University  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Ammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Surveillance Program Lebanese Ministry of Public Health  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Ghosn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Surveillance Program Lebanese Ministry of Public Health  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Global epidemiological surveillance standards for influenza.Geneva:World Health Organization (WHO);2013.http:\/\/www.who.int\/influenza\/resources\/documents\/WHO_Epidemiological_Influenza_Surveillance_Standards_2014.pdf. Accessed March 8 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12136"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"Health System and Reform in Lebanon","author":"Ammar W","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","unstructured":"Pandemic influenza preparedness Framework: World Health Organization (WHO);2011.http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/44796\/1\/9789241503082_eng.pdf. Accessed July 7 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","unstructured":"A manual for estimating disease burden\u00a0associated with seasonal influenza.Geneva:World Health Organization (WHO);2015.http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/178801\/1\/9789241549301_eng.pdf?ua=1&ua=1. Accessed February15 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001977"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105543"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2013.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12354"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144186"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2016.22.7.432"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Firv.12527","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12527","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T16:30:41Z","timestamp":1695573041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12527"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12527","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]]}}}