{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T08:42:09Z","timestamp":1774600929571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U51IP000528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U51IP000528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on the susceptibility of influenza viruses from South Africa to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are scarce, and no extensive analysis was done.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to determine oseltamivir and zanamivir susceptibility of influenza A and B virus neuraminidases (NAs), 2007\u20102013, South Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled participants through national influenza\u2010like illness surveillance, 2007\u20102013. Influenza diagnosis was by virus isolation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Drug susceptibility was determined by chemiluminescence\u2010based NA\u2010STAR\/NA\u2010XTD assay. Sanger sequencing was used to determine molecular markers of NAI resistance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty percent (6341\/15\u00a0985) of participants were positive for influenza viruses using virus isolation (2007\u20102009) and qPCR (2009\u20102013) methods. A total of 1236\/6341 (19.5%) virus isolates were generated of which 307\/1236 (25%) were tested for drug susceptibility. During 2007\u20102008, the median 50% inhibitory concentration (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of oseltamivir for seasonal influenza A(H1N1) increased from of 0.08\u00a0nmol\/L (range 0.01\u20103.60) in 2007 to 73\u00a0nmol\/L (range 1.56\u2010305\u00a0nmol\/L) in 2008. Influenza A isolates from 2009 to 2013 were susceptible to oseltamivir [A(H3N2) median IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.05\u00a0nmol\/L (range 0.01\u20100.08); A(H1N1)pdm09\u00a0=\u00a00.11\u00a0nmol\/L (range 0.01\u20100.78)] and zanamivir [A(H3N2) median IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.56\u00a0nmol\/L (range 0.47\u20100.66); A(H1N1)pdm09\u00a0=\u00a00.35\u00a0nmol\/L (range 0.27\u20100.533)]. Influenza B viruses were susceptible to both NAIs. NAI resistance\u2010associated substitutions H275Y, E119V, and R150K (N1 numbering) were not detected in influenza A viruses that circulated in 2009\u20102013.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We confirm replacement of NAI susceptible by resistant phenotype influenza A(H1N1) in 2008. Influenza A and B viruses (2009\u20102013) remained susceptible to NAIs; therefore, these drugs are useful for treating influenza\u2010infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T13:02:03Z","timestamp":1537102923000},"page":"54-63","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Replacement of neuraminidase inhibitor\u2010susceptible influenza A(H1N1) with resistant phenotype in 2008 and circulation of susceptible influenza A and B viruses during 2009\u20102013, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0853-8011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florette K.","family":"Treurnicht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health 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Service Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam L.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals Global Immunization Monitoring and Surveillance, Expanded Programme on Immunization World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sibongile","family":"Walaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences School of Public Health University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison 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