{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:55:55Z","timestamp":1765886155989,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population\u2010based pregnancy cohort was established in Norway to study potential effects of exposure to the 2009 influenza pandemic or pandemic vaccination during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied maternal A(H1N1)pdm09\u2010specific hemagglutination inhibition (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010titer levels and waning in women with influenza\u2010like illness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>) in pregnancy compared to vaccinated women. Moreover, we studied the association between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010titers and self\u2010reported severity and duration of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010titers against the pandemic virus were measured in maternal blood samples obtained at birth, 3\u20109\u00a0months after exposure, and linked with information about pregnancy, influenza and vaccination from national registries and a cohort questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 1821 pregnant women included, 43.7% were unvaccinated and 19.3% of these had<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010titers were low (geometric mean titer (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GMT<\/jats:styled-content>) 11.3) in the unvaccinated women with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>. Higher<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010titers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GMT<\/jats:styled-content>37.8) were measured in the vaccinated women. Estimated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010titer waning was similar for vaccinated women and women with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>. Most<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>episodes were moderate and lasted 3\u20105\u00a0days. Women with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>reporting specific influenza symptoms such as fever or cough had higher<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010titers than women without these symptoms. Women who reported being \u201cvery ill\u201d or illness duration of &gt;5\u00a0days had higher<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010titers than women reporting less severe illness or illness of shorter duration, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibody waning was similar in vaccinated women and women with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>. More severe<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>or longer duration of illness was associated with higher<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010titers. Most unvaccinated pregnant women with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ILI<\/jats:styled-content>had low<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010titers, probably due to moderate illness and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010titer waning between exposure and sampling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,10]],"date-time":"2018-12-10T06:34:35Z","timestamp":1544423675000},"page":"191-200","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Antibody levels in a cohort of pregnant women after the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic: Waning and association with self\u2010reported severity and duration of illness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8280-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gro","family":"Tunheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"},{"name":"K. 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Jebsen Centre for Influenza Vaccine Research University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Laake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Hayman","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Waalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olav","family":"Hungnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisbeth M.","family":"N\u00e6ss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Environmental Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K. 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