{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:13:45Z","timestamp":1787170425134,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza virus circulation is monitored through the Cambodian influenza\u2010like illness (ILI) sentinel surveillance system and isolates are characterized by the National Influenza Centre (NIC). Seasonal influenza circulation has previously been characterized by year\u2010round activity and a peak during the rainy season (June\u2010November).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We documented the circulation of seasonal influenza in Cambodia for 2012\u20102015 and investigated genetic, antigenic, and antiviral resistance characteristics of influenza isolates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory samples were collected from patients presenting with influenza\u2010like illness (ILI) at 11 hospitals throughout Cambodia. First\u2010line screening was conducted by the National Institute of Public Health and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences. Confirmation of testing and genetic, antigenic and antiviral resistance characterization was conducted by Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, the NIC. Additional virus characterization was conducted by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza (Melbourne, Australia).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2012 and 2015, 1,238 influenza\u2010positive samples were submitted to the NIC. Influenza A(H3N2) (55.3%) was the dominant subtype, followed by influenza B (30.9%; predominantly B\/Yamagata\u2010lineage) and A(H1N1)pdm09 (13.9%). Circulation of influenza viruses began earlier in 2014 and 2015 than previously described, coincident with the emergence of A(H3N2) clades 3C.2a and 3C.3a, respectively. There was high diversity in the antigenicity of A(H3N2) viruses, and to a smaller extent influenza B viruses, during this period, with some mismatches with the northern and southern hemisphere vaccine formulations. All isolates tested were susceptible to the influenza antiviral drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seasonal and year\u2010round co\u2010circulation of multiple influenza types\/subtypes were detected in Cambodia during 2012\u20102015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T09:59:20Z","timestamp":1561715960000},"page":"465-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Circulation and characterization of seasonal influenza viruses in Cambodia, 2012\u20102015"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9622-0742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul F.","family":"Horwood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia Institute Pasteur International Network Phnom Penh Cambodia"},{"name":"Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine James Cook University Cairns Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6004-5671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik A.","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia Institute Pasteur International Network Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srey Viseth","family":"Horm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia Institute Pasteur International Network Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sovann","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Disease Control Department Ministry of Health Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seng","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communicable Disease Control Department Ministry of Health Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savuth","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chau","family":"Darapheak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lon","family":"Chanthap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sareth","family":"Rith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia Institute Pasteur International Network Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phalla","family":"Y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia Institute Pasteur International Network Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim Lay","family":"Chea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia Institute Pasteur International Network Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borann","family":"Sar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Parry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanra","family":"Ieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Tsuyouka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Health Organization Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Mo","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza VIDRL, Peter Doherty Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1826-4314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aeron C.","family":"Hurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza VIDRL, Peter Doherty Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian G.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza VIDRL, Peter Doherty Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Komadina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza VIDRL, Peter Doherty Institute Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Buchy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia Institute Pasteur International Network Phnom Penh Cambodia"},{"name":"GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines R&amp;D Intercontinental Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Dussart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia Institute Pasteur International Network Phnom Penh Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO Fact sheet: influenza (Seasonal) January 2018.http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs211\/en\/. 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Accessed December 1 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Human infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus: Updated interim WHO guidance on global surveillance.Geneva Switzerland:World Health Organization;2009.www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/swineflu\/WHO_case_definition_swine_flu_2009_04_29.pdf. 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