{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T01:27:46Z","timestamp":1788830866118,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seasonal influenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Immune activation after stimulation with interferon\u2010gamma leads to increased production of neopterin but also results in increased tryptophan catabolism through indoleamine 2,3\u2010dioxygenase (IDO). Our pilot study determined neopterin serum levels and IDO activity in patients with influenza infection and investigated whether neopterin is linked to clinical outcome parameters (mortality \u226430\u00a0days, acute cardiac events (ACE) length of hospitalization, ICU admission).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neopterin concentrations were analyzed in serum samples of 40 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of influenza infection and in\u2010hospital treatment for &gt;24\u00a0hours. Data were compared to values of 100 healthy blood donors and 48 age\u2010matched pneumonia patients. In a subgroup of 14 patients, tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations, as well as kynurenine\u2010to\u2010tryptophan ratio, were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all influenza patients, neopterin concentrations were increased and significantly higher compared to those determined in patients with pneumonia and healthy controls. Positive correlations between the duration of hospitalization and neopterin were found. Significantly higher levels of kynurenine, kynurenine\u2010to\u2010tryptophan ratio, and lower levels of tryptophan were seen in influenza patients compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neopterin seems to be related to the course of the disease and could be a valuable biomarker to identify patients at an elevated risk of a worsened outcome; however, further prospective validation studies are needed to support the here presented preliminary results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T11:10:28Z","timestamp":1567768228000},"page":"603-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Assessment of neopterin and indoleamine 2,3\u2010dioxygenase activity in patients with seasonal influenza: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3699-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Pizzini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Kurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Santifaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Tschurtschenthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Theurl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biological Chemistry Biocenter Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Bellmann\u2010Weiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Pneumology, Rheumatology Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Influenza (Seasonal) \u2010 fact sheet. [Webpage].2018;http:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/influenza-(seasonal). Accessed 12.09.2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70233-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Neopterin\u2013its clinical use in urinalysis","volume":"47","author":"Fuchs D","year":"1994","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408369209114604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2001.00358.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.116.230698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/135100099101534927"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1986.6.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(87)90149-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2005.11.008"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"778","article-title":"Fibrinogen and neopterin is associated with future myocardial infarction and total mortality in patients with stable coronary artery disease","volume":"118","author":"Mjelva OR","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/427877"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"4867","article-title":"Indoleamine 2, 3\u2010dioxygenase regulation of immune response (Review)","volume":"17","author":"Wu H","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.12.2424"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/pterid-2014-0015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15412555.2016.1266317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.76.8.4084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066546"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofx228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9150(94)90131-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2016.0433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2015.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2004.02.007"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Firv.12677","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12677","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.12677","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12677","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T02:22:53Z","timestamp":1694226173000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12677","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}