{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T12:43:04Z","timestamp":1790340184541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573257600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1553579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1553579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data collected by mobile devices can augment surveillance of epidemics in real time. However, methods and evidence for the integration of these data into modern surveillance systems are sparse. We linked call detail records (CDR) with an influenza\u2010like illness (ILI) registry and evaluated the role that Icelandic international travellers played in the introduction and propagation of influenza A\/H1N1pdm09 virus in Iceland through the course of the 2009 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This nested case\u2010control study compared odds of exposure to Keflavik International Airport among cases and matched controls producing longitudinal two\u2010week matched odds ratios (mORs) from August to December 2009. We further evaluated rates of ILI among 1st\u2010 and 2nd\u2010degree phone connections of cases compared to their matched controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mOR was elevated in the initial stages of the epidemic from 7 August until 21 August (mOR\u00a0=\u00a02.53; 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a01.35, 4.78). During the two\u2010week period from 17 August through 31 August, we calculated the two\u2010week incidence density ratio of ILI among 1st\u2010degree connections to be 2.96 (95% CI: 1.43, 5.84).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to Keflavik International Airport increased the risk of incident ILI diagnoses during the initial stages of the epidemic. Using these methods for other regions of Iceland, we evaluated the geographic spread of ILI over the course of the epidemic. Our methods were validated through similar evaluation of a domestic airport. The techniques described in this study can be used for hypothesis\u2010driven evaluations of locations and behaviours during an epidemic and their associations with health outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12690","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T08:41:01Z","timestamp":1573288861000},"page":"37-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Flying, phones and flu: Anonymized call records suggest that Keflavik International Airport introduced pandemic H1N1 into Iceland in 2009"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0408-2747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishant","family":"Kishore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science Emory University Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Lash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Prevention Branch Influenza Division National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Danon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK"},{"name":"Alan Turing Institute, British Library London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gu\u00f0r\u00fan","family":"Sigmundsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Security and Communicable Disease Center Control Directorate of Health of Iceland Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ymir","family":"Vigfusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science Emory University Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"School of Computer Science Reykjav\u00edk University Reykjav\u00edk Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czt097"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001404"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-188"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0903810"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70121-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001558"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"400","article-title":"Swine Influenza A (H1N1) infection in two children \u2014 Southern California, March\u2013April","volume":"58","author":"Ginsberg M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415012112"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis583"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004206"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-013-0927-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1904.111925"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66772-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"Global ICT Developments 2001\u20132015;2015.https:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/ITU-D\/Statistics\/Pages\/stat\/default.aspx. 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