{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:33:09Z","timestamp":1790836389716,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza surveillance helps time prevention and control interventions especially where complex seasonal patterns exist. We assessed influenza surveillance sustainability in Africa where influenza activity varies and external funds for surveillance have decreased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We surveyed African Network for Influenza Surveillance and Epidemiology\n                      <jats:bold>(<\/jats:bold>\n                      ANISE) countries about 2011\u20102017 surveillance system characteristics. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics and analyzed with univariate and multivariable analyses to quantify sustained or expanded influenza surveillance capacity in Africa.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighteen (75%) of 24 ANISE members participated in the survey; their cumulative population of 710\u00a0751\u00a0471 represent 56% of Africa's total population. All 18 countries scored a mean 95% on WHO laboratory quality assurance panels. The number of samples collected from severe acute respiratory infection case\u2010patients remained consistent between 2011 and 2017 (13\u00a0823 vs 13\u00a0674 respectively) but decreased by 12% for influenza\u2010like illness case\u2010patients (16\u00a0210 vs 14\u00a0477). Nine (50%) gained capacity to lineage\u2010type influenza B. The number of countries reporting each week to WHO FluNet increased from 15 (83%) in 2011 to 17 (94%) in 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite declines in external surveillance funding, ANISE countries gained additional laboratory testing capacity and continued influenza testing and reporting to WHO. These gains represent important achievements toward sustainable surveillance and epidemic\/pandemic preparedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:27:27Z","timestamp":1604536047000},"page":"495-505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Influenza surveillance capacity improvements in Africa during 2011\u20102017"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9962-6588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ledor S.","family":"Igboh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meredith","family":"McMorrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Influenza Program Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Tempia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"MassGenics Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"National Influenza Center Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gideon O.","family":"Emukule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndahwouh","family":"Talla Nzussouo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"MassGenics Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"McCarron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thelma","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vashonia","family":"Weatherspoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Moen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derrar","family":"Fawzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur of Algeria Algiers 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