{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:11:42Z","timestamp":1773033102362,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 IP000474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 IP000474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community\u2010based studies of influenza and other respiratory viruses (eg, SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) require laboratory confirmation of infection. During the current COVID\u201019 pandemic, social distancing guidelines require alternative data collection in order to protect both research staff and participants. Home\u2010collected respiratory specimens are less resource\u2010intensive, can be collected earlier after symptom onset, and provide a low\u2010contact means of data collection. A prospective, multi\u2010year, community\u2010based cohort study is an ideal setting to examine the utility of home\u2010collected specimens for identification of influenza.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe the feasibility and reliability of home\u2010collected specimens for the detection of influenza. We collected data and specimens between October 2014 and June 2017 from the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) Study. Cohort participants were asked to collect a nasal swab at home upon onset of acute respiratory illness. Research staff also collected nose and throat swab specimens in the study clinic within 7\u00a0days of onset. We estimated agreement using Cohen's kappa and calculated sensitivity and specificity of home\u2010collected compared to staff\u2010collected specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We tested 336 paired staff\u2010 and home\u2010collected respiratory specimens for influenza by RT\u2010PCR; 150 staff\u2010collected specimens were positive for influenza A\/H3N2, 23 for influenza A\/H1N1, 14 for influenza B\/Victoria, and 31 for influenza B\/Yamagata. We found moderate agreement between collection methods for influenza A\/H3N2 (0.70) and B\/Yamagata (0.69) and high agreement for influenza A\/H1N1 (0.87) and B\/Victoria (0.86). Sensitivity ranged from 78% to 86% for all influenza types and subtypes. Specificity was high for influenza A\/H1N1 and both influenza B lineages with a range from 96% to 100%, and slightly lower for A\/H3N2 infections (88%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collection of nasal swab specimens at home is both feasible and reliable for identification of influenza virus infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T21:14:26Z","timestamp":1603746866000},"page":"227-234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Home collection of nasal swabs for detection of influenza in the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3546-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Malosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health 1415 Washingon Heights Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5696-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua G.","family":"Petrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health 1415 Washingon Heights Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy P.","family":"Callear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health 1415 Washingon Heights Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3018-435X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnold S.","family":"Monto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health 1415 Washingon Heights Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily T.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health 1415 Washingon Heights Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1700153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813001623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00027-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0691"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Collection by trained pediatricians or parents of mid\u2010turbinate nasal flocked swabs for the detection of influenza viruses in childhood","volume":"7","author":"Esposito S","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virol J 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