{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:46:57Z","timestamp":1772160417063,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]],"date-time":"2021-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30120C07637"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30120C07637"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Symptoms of mild COVID\u201019 illness are non\u2010specific and may persist for prolonged periods. Effects on quality of life of persistent poor physical or mental health associated with COVID\u201019 are not well understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adults aged \u226518\u00a0years with laboratory\u2010confirmed COVID\u201019 and matched control patients who tested negative for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection at outpatient facilities associated with 11 medical centers in the United States were interviewed to assess symptoms, illness duration, and health\u2010related quality of life. Duration of symptoms, health\u2010related quality of life measures, and days of poor physical health by symptoms experienced during illness were compared between case patients and controls using Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum tests. Symptoms associated with COVID\u201019 case status were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 320 participants included, 157 were COVID\u201019 cases and 163 were SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 negative controls. Loss of taste or smell was reported by 63% of cases and 6% of controls and was strongly associated with COVID\u201019 in logistic regression models (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u00a0=\u00a032.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.6\u201083.1). COVID\u201019 cases were more likely than controls to have experienced fever, body aches, weakness, or fatigue during illness, and to report \u22651 persistent symptom more than 14\u00a0days after symptom onset (50% vs 32%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Cases reported significantly more days of poor physical health during the past 14\u00a0days than controls (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differentiating COVID\u201019 from other acute illnesses will require widespread diagnostic testing, especially during influenza seasons. Persistent COVID\u201019\u2010related symptoms may negatively affect quality of life, even among those initially presenting with mild illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12832","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T23:54:49Z","timestamp":1610063689000},"page":"345-351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Symptoms and recovery among adult outpatients with and without COVID\u201019 at 11 healthcare facilities\u2014July 2020, United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5045-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiva A.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID\u201019 Response Team Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha M.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID\u201019 Response Team Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark W.","family":"Tenforde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID\u201019 Response Team Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service CDC Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wesley H.","family":"Self","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID\u201019 Response Team Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Lindsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan I.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. Clark","family":"Files","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Winston\u2010Salem NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin W.","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Winston\u2010Salem NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi L.","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Hennepin County Medical Center Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Prekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Hennepin County Medical Center Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay S.","family":"Steingrub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Baystate Medical Center Springfield MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Exline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Henning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"University of Washington Medical Center Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer G.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Stanford University Medical Center Palo Alto CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Intermountain Healthcare Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ithan D.","family":"Peltan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Intermountain Healthcare Salt Lake City UT USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd W.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David N.","family":"Hager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adit A.","family":"Ginde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. Keipp","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos G.","family":"Grijalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in the Critically Ill (IVY) Network USA"},{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Flannery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID\u201019 Response Team Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish M.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID\u201019 Response Team Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leora R.","family":"Feldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID\u201019 Response Team Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6930e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, management and health\u2010related quality of life in young adults with COVID\u201019","author":"Temperoni C","year":"2020","journal-title":"Research Square"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6928a2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6926e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6936a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Measuring Healthy Days. Population Assessment of Health\u2010Related Quality of Life","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6930e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","article-title":"Loss of taste and smell as distinguishing symptoms of COVID\u201019","author":"Dawson P","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-2428"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010640"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6932a1"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12832","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.12832","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12832","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T14:56:03Z","timestamp":1693580163000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12832","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.12832\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.12832\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.12832\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}