{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:46:58Z","timestamp":1772160418568,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007601","name":"Horizon 2020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101003673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101003673"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Claims of influenza vaccination increasing COVID\u201019 risk are circulating. Within the I\u2010MOVE\u2010COVID\u201019 primary care multicentre study, we measured the association between 2019\u201020 influenza vaccination and COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a multicentre test\u2010negative case\u2010control study at primary care level, in study sites in five European countries, from March to August 2020. Patients presenting with acute respiratory infection were swabbed, with demographic, 2019\u201020 influenza vaccination and clinical information documented. Using logistic regression, we measured the adjusted odds ratio (aOR), adjusting for study site and age, sex, calendar time, presence of chronic conditions. The main analysis included patients swabbed \u22647\u00a0days after onset from the three countries with &lt;15% of missing influenza vaccination. In secondary analyses, we included five countries, using multiple imputation with chained equations to account for missing data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 257 COVID\u201019 cases and 1631 controls in the main analysis (three countries). The overall aOR between influenza vaccination and COVID\u201019 was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.66\u20101.32). The aOR was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.58\u20101.46) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.51\u20101.67) among those aged 20\u201059 and \u226560\u00a0years, respectively. In secondary analyses, we included 6457 cases and 69\u00a0272 controls. The imputed aOR was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.79\u20100.95) among all ages and any delay between swab and symptom onset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no evidence that COVID\u201019 cases were more likely to be vaccinated against influenza than controls. Influenza vaccination should be encouraged among target groups for vaccination. I\u2010MOVE\u2010COVID\u201019 will continue documenting influenza vaccination status in 2020\u201021, in order to learn about effects of recent influenza vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T21:59:51Z","timestamp":1611352791000},"page":"429-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Absence of association between 2019\u201020 influenza vaccination and COVID\u201019: Results of the European I\u2010MOVE\u2010COVID\u201019 primary care project, March\u2010August 2020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7188-8404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Kissling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epiconcept Paris 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Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Baz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Navarra \u2013 IdiSNA \u2013 CIBERESP Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debbie","family":"Sigerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Scotland Glasgow Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Enkirch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Sweden Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Belhillil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Institut Pasteur UMR 3568 CNRS University of Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Meijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Castilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Navarra \u2013 IdiSNA \u2013 CIBERESP Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoma","family":"William","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Scotland Glasgow Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AnnaSara","family":"Carnahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Agency of Sweden Solna Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Falchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Virologie Universit\u00e9 de Corse\u2010Inserm Corte France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janneke","family":"Hendriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nivel (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research) Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Itziar","family":"Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Salud P\u00fablica de Navarra \u2013 IdiSNA \u2013 CIBERESP Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josie","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Scotland Glasgow Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Enouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses Institut Pasteur UMR 3568 CNRS University of Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederika","family":"Dijkstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diogo F. P.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epiconcept Paris France"},{"name":"Public Health Scotland Glasgow Scotland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2056-1062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Valenciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epiconcept Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.COVID\u201019 situation update worldwide as of 18 November 2020.https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/geographical\u2010distribution\u20102019\u2010ncov\u2010cases. 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Timing of influenza vaccination.https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/seasonal\u2010influenza\/prevention\u2010and\u2010control\/vaccines\/timing. 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