{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:47:01Z","timestamp":1772160421413,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES007322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES007322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMS\u20102027369"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMS\u20102027369"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic has overrun hospital systems while exacerbating economic hardship and food insecurity on a global scale. In an effort to understand how early action to find and control the virus is associated with cumulative outcomes, we explored how country\u2010level testing capacity affects later COVID\u201019 mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the Our World in Data database to explore testing and mortality records in 27 countries from December 31, 2019, to September 30, 2020; we applied Cox proportional hazards regression to determine the relationship between early COVID\u201019 testing capacity (cumulative tests per case) and later COVID\u201019 mortality (time to specified mortality thresholds), adjusting for country\u2010level confounders, including median age, GDP, hospital bed capacity, population density, and nonpharmaceutical interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher early testing implementation, as indicated by more cumulative tests per case when mortality was still low, was associated with a lower risk for higher per capita deaths. A sample finding indicated that a higher cumulative number of tests administered per case at the time of six deaths per million persons was associated with a lower risk of reaching 15 deaths per million persons, after adjustment for all confounders (HR\u2009=\u20090.909;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Countries that developed stronger COVID\u201019 testing capacity at early timepoints, as measured by tests administered per case identified, experienced a slower increase of deaths per capita. Thus, this study operationalizes the value of testing and provides empirical evidence that stronger testing capacity at early timepoints is associated with reduced mortality and improved pandemic control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]],"date-time":"2021-10-17T19:55:53Z","timestamp":1634500553000},"page":"56-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The association between early country\u2010level COVID\u201019 testing capacity and later COVID\u201019 mortality outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9165-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sneha","family":"Kannoth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasikiran","family":"Kandula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Shaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"[dataset] RoserM RitchieH Ortiz\u2010OspinaE HasellJ(2020) \u2010 \"Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID\u201019)\". Published online at OurWorldInData.org. Retrieved from:https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/coronavirus[Online Resource]"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2004064117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-020-00589-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.19686"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2499\/p15738coll2.133762_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"World employment and social outlook: Trends 2021","author":"Berg J","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30133-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30553-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.202012634"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100464"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"[dataset] SuryanarayananP TsouCH &PoddarA et al. WNTRAC: Artificial Intelligence Assisted Tracking of Non\u2010pharmaceutical Interventions Implemented Worldwide for COVID\u201019. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.07057. 2020 Sep 2."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12897"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30936-3"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12906","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.12906","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12906","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T08:17:05Z","timestamp":1692605825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12906"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12906"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12906","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.12906\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.12906\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.12906\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.01.18.21249998","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}