{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:59:37Z","timestamp":1793120377459,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the most common cause for hospitalization in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients with LRTIs are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The national data analysis of epidemiologic variations facilitates awareness and develops solutions to prevent these conditions in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, causative pathogens, morbidity, and mortality of LRTIs in pediatric patients of Thailand from 2015 to 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective study among pediatric patients aged between 0 and 18\u2009years old admitted in hospitals due to LRTIs in Thailand from January 2015 to December 2019. The data were extracted from National Health Security Office using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Thai Modification; ICD\u201010\u2010TM of J09 to J22.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1,423,509 children hospitalized due to LRTIs were identified. Most of the patients were of age 1\u20135\u00a0years. Pneumonia was the most common LRTI (876,557 children, 61.58%) in hospitalized children. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main etiologic pathogen of bronchiolitis, which presents in approximately 10.86% of all episodes. Influenza viruses were found predominantly in children with pneumonia (15.52%). The mortality rate since 2015\u20132019 was highest in pneumonia under 1\u2009year old (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Pneumonia in children under 5\u2009years old had the highest mortality rate, which accounted for 11.85 per 100,000 children in 2019.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LRTIs had a high incidence rate of hospitalization and mortality, especially in children under 5\u2009years old. Influenza virus was the most common pathogen of pneumonia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T08:19:52Z","timestamp":1631693992000},"page":"142-150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations in Thai children: A 5\u2010year national data analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1245-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phanthila","family":"Sitthikarnkha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1903-0907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rattapon","family":"Uppala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirapoom","family":"Niamsanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumitr","family":"Sutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaewjai","family":"Thepsuthammarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4668-6792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leelawadee","family":"Techasatian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamaree","family":"Teeratakulpisarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30410-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-3109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2012.1266"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Pneumonia. 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