{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:46:56Z","timestamp":1772160416469,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]],"date-time":"2021-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004824","name":"State of Connecticut Department of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID\u201019 hospitalizations of non\u2010institutionalized persons during the first COVID\u201019 wave in Connecticut disproportionately affected the elderly, communities of color, and individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES). Whether the magnitude of these disparities changed after the initial lockdown and before vaccine rollout is not well documented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All first\u2010time hospitalizations with laboratory\u2010confirmed COVID\u201019 during July to December 2020, including patients' geocoded residential addresses, were obtained from the Connecticut Department of Public Health. Those living in congregate settings, including nursing homes, were excluded. Community\u2010dwelling patients were assigned census tract\u2010level poverty and crowding measures from the 2014\u20132018 American Community Survey by linking their geocoded addresses to census tracts. Age\u2010adjusted incidence and relative rates were calculated across demographic and SES measures and compared with those from a similar analysis of hospitalized cases during the initial wave.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During July to December 2020, there were 5652 COVID\u201019 hospitalizations in community residents in Connecticut. Incidence was highest among those\n                      <jats:styled-content>&gt;8<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      5\u2009years, non\u2010Hispanic Blacks and Hispanic\/Latinx compared with non\u2010Hispanic Whites {relative rate (RR) 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.83\u20133.32) and 5.9 (95% CI 5.58\u20136.28)}, and persons living in high poverty and high crowding census tracts. Although racial\/ethnic and SES disparities during the study period were substantial, they were significantly decreased compared with the first wave of COVID\u201019.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The finding of persistent, if reduced, large racial\/ethnic disparities in COVID\u201019 hospitalizations 2\u20137\u00a0months after the initial lockdown was relaxed and before vaccination was widely available is of concern. These disparities cause a challenge to achieving health equity and are relevant for future pandemic planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T01:32:26Z","timestamp":1638840746000},"page":"532-541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Persistence of racial\/ethnic and socioeconomic status disparities among non\u2010institutionalized patients hospitalized with COVID\u201019 in Connecticut, July to December 2020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Geena","family":"Chiumento","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Emerging Infections Program Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences Massachusetts Department of Public Health  Jamaica Plain Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Yousey\u2010Hindes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Emerging Infections Program Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Edmundson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Department of Public Health  Hartford Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1176-851X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James L.","family":"Hadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Emerging Infections Program Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.COVID\u2010NET Laboratory\u2010confirmed COVID\u201019 hospitalizations. CDC;2021. Accessed October 30 2021.https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid-data-tracker\/#covidnet-hospitalization-network"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6915e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"m1966","article-title":"Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study","author":"Petrilli CM","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.21892"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa2011686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-020-00872-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-020-00944-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26443"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Race\/ethnic disparities in COVID\u201019 hospitalizations stronger than socioeconomic ones during Stay Safe, Stay Home, New Haven and Middlesex Counties, March 1 \u2013 May 8, 2020","volume":"40","author":"Hadler J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Connecticut Epidemiologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2003.032482"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6505a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12231"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_10_16_1.1","unstructured":"TurnerK DavidsonSL CollinsJ& et al. Update to the Standardized Surveillance Case Definition and National Notification for 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID\u201019). Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_2_10_16_1.2","unstructured":"2020. Accessed October 30 2021.https:\/\/cdn.ymaws.com\/www.cste.org\/resource\/resmgr\/ps\/positionstatement2020\/Interim\u201020\u2010ID\u201002_COVID\u201019.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233720970439"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7015e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6937e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ReitsmaMB Goldhaber\u2010FiebertJD&SalomonJAAddressing racial\/ethnic disparities in the COVID\u201019 vaccination campaign. medRxiv. Preprint posted online April 21 2021. Accessed October 30 2021.https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.04.21.21255878v2","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.21.21255878"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID\u201019)\u2010Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID\u2010NET). August 28 2020. Accessed October 30 2021.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/covid\u2010data\/covid\u2010net\/purpose\u2010methods.html"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12945","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.12945","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12945","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T06:34:26Z","timestamp":1692945266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12945","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.12945\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}