{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:20:04Z","timestamp":1747185604086,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81961128002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81961128002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first and only case of human infection with the avian influenza A (H7N4) virus in China emerged in 2018. The H7N4 virus was distinct from previous H7N9 viruses and raised public concerns. Therefore, developing a suitable H7N4 candidate vaccine virus (CVV) remains crucial for potential pandemic preparedness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We constructed a reassortant virus with a (6\u2009+\u20092) genome composition, then introduced the polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) from a wild\u2010type virus to develop a (5\u2009+\u20093) reassortant virus through reverse genetics. We performed whole\u2010genome sequencing to confirm the genome stability, assessed the growth ability in MDCK cells, and analyzed virus antigenicity using hemagglutination inhibition assays. Subsequently, the effect of homologous PB1 on polymerase activity, viral protein yield, and pathogenicity was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The (5\u2009+\u20093) virus harbouring the homologous PB1 gene exhibited significantly improved growth characteristics, higher viral protein yield, and polymerase activity than the (6\u2009+\u20092) virus. After successive passage in embryonated eggs, glutamic acid (E) substituted glycine(G) at position 218 (H3 numbering) in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of both (5\u2009+\u20093) and (6\u2009+\u20092) viruses. The substitution improved the growth of the (6\u2009+\u20092) virus but exhibited no significant effect or alteration on the antigenicity of the (5\u2009+\u20093) virus. Moreover, the (5\u2009+\u20093) virus exhibited low pathogenicity in chickens and ferrets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Homologous PB1 of the H7N4 virus improves the growth ability while sustaining low pathogenicity. Collectively, the gene composition of the (5\u2009+\u20093) reassortant virus is a suitable H7N4 CVV for potential pandemic preparedness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T09:34:13Z","timestamp":1642412053000},"page":"577-584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Homologous PB1 gene promotes the replication efficiency of avian influenza H7N4 candidate vaccine virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Liqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese National Influenza Center National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese National Influenza Center National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianfang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese National Influenza Center National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese National Influenza Center National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese National Influenza Center National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weijuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese National Influenza Center National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese National Influenza Center National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4990-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese National Influenza Center National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1201.051024"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Seasonal, avian and pandemic influenza: are we prepared?","volume":"39","author":"Feng ZJ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2018.07.003"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Antigenic and genetic characteristics of zoonotic influenza viruses and development of candidate vaccine viruses for pandemic preparedness","volume":"94","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000390"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020823"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02856-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10110653"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02387-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Guidelines for the safe development and production of vaccines to human pandemic influenza viruses and influenza viruses with pandemic potential Annex 3 TRS No 1016 2019.https:\/\/cdn.who.int\/media\/docs\/default-source\/biologicals\/vaccine-standardization\/influenza\/annex_3_who_trs_1016_web3.pdf. 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