{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:46:58Z","timestamp":1772160418633,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We sought to evaluate the impact of changes in estimates of COVID\u201019 vaccine effectiveness on the incidence of laboratory\u2010confirmed infection among frontline workers at high risk for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from a prospective frontline worker cohort to estimate the incidence of COVID\u201019 by month as well as the association of COVID\u201019 vaccination, occupation, demographics, physical distancing, and mask use with infection risk. Participants completed baseline and quarterly surveys, and each week self\u2010collected mid\u2010turbinate nasal swabs and reported symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 1018 unvaccinated and 3531 fully vaccinated workers, the monthly incidence of laboratory\u2010confirmed SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection in January 2021 was 13.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.4\u201317.4), declining to 0.5 (95% CI \u20100.4\u20101.4) per 1000 person\u2010weeks in June. By September 2021, when the Delta variant predominated, incidence had once again risen to 13.6 (95% CI 7.8\u201319.4) per 1000 person\u2010weeks. In contrast, there was no reportable incidence among fully vaccinated participants at the end of January 2021, and incidence remained low until September 2021 when it rose modestly to 4.1 (95% CI 1.9\u20133.8) per 1000. Below average facemask use was associated with a higher risk of infection for unvaccinated participants during exposure to persons who may have COVID\u201019 and vaccinated participants during hours in the community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID\u201019 vaccination was significantly associated with a lower risk of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection despite Delta variant predominance. Our data demonstrate the added protective benefit of facemask use among both unvaccinated and vaccinated frontline workers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T03:47:31Z","timestamp":1642045651000},"page":"585-593","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Incidence of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection among COVID\u201019 vaccinated and unvaccinated healthcare personnel, first responders, and other essential and frontline workers: Eight US locations, January\u2013September 2021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-4643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison L.","family":"Naleway","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8656-3538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID\u201019 Response Team  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5960-1308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto J.","family":"Caban\u2010Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine University of Miami  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3408-0523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith G.","family":"Wesley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abt Associates, Inc  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jefferey L.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona  Tucson Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Groover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abt Associates, Inc  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3952-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manjusha","family":"Gaglani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor Scott and White Health  Temple Texas USA"},{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University College of Medicine  Temple Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8500-2886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarang K.","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah Health  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4130-0793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harmony L.","family":"Tyner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Luke's Regional Health Care System  Duluth Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Meece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marshfield Clinic Research Institute  Marshfield Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0017-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Kuntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young M.","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID\u201019 Response Team  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8166-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha","family":"Schaefer\u2010Solle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leonard M. 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