{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:31:50Z","timestamp":1762918310437,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005224","name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5U01GH000152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5U01GH000152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 anti\u2010spike 1 IgG antibody levels following COVID\u201019 vaccination (AstraZeneca [AZ], Sinovac [SV], Pfizer\u2010BioNTech [PZ]) among Thai healthcare providers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood specimens were tested using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. We analyzed seven vaccination regimens: (1) one dose of AZ or SV, (2) two doses of homologous (2AZ, 2SV) or heterologous (1AZ\u2009+\u20091PZ) vaccines, and (3) three doses of heterologous vaccines (2SV\u2009+\u20091AZ, 2SV\u2009+\u20091PZ). Differences in antibody levels were assessed using Kruskal\u2013Wallis statistic, Mann\u2013Whitney test, or Wilcoxon matched\u2010pairs signed\u2010rank test. Antibody kinetics were predicted using fractional polynomial regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 563 participants had median age of 39\u2009years; 92% were female; 74% reported no underlying medical condition. Antibody levels peaked at 22\u201323\u2009days in both 1AZ and 2SV vaccinees and dropped below assay's cutoff for positive (35.2 binding antibody units\/ml [BAU\/ml]) in 55\u2009days among 1AZ vaccinees compared with 117\u2009days among 2SV vaccinees. 1AZ\u2009+\u20091PZ vaccination regimen was highly immunogenic (median 2279 BAU\/ml) 1\u20134\u00a0weeks post vaccination. 2SV\u2009+\u20091PZ vaccinees had significantly higher antibody levels than 2SV\u2009+\u20091AZ vaccinees 4\u2009weeks post vaccination (3423 vs. 2105 BAU\/ml; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and during weeks 5\u20138 (3656 vs. 1072 BAU\/ml; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Antibodies peaked at 12\u201315\u2009days in both 2SV\u2009+\u20091PZ and 2SV\u2009+\u20091AZ vaccinees, but those of 2SV\u2009+\u20091AZ declined more rapidly and dropped below assay's cutoff in 228\u2009days while those of 2SV\u2009+\u20091PZ remained detectable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>1AZ\u2009+\u20091PZ, 2SV\u2009+\u20091AZ, and 2SV\u2009+\u20091PZ vaccinees had substantial IgG levels, suggesting that these individuals likely mounted sufficient anti\u2010S1 IgG antibodies for possible protection against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T13:07:05Z","timestamp":1645708025000},"page":"662-672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG antibody levels among Thai healthcare providers receiving homologous and heterologous COVID\u201019 vaccination regimens"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2295-4388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanitchaya","family":"Kittikraisak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Program Thai Ministry of Public Health \u2013 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Nonthaburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taweewun","family":"Hunsawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somsak","family":"Punjasamanvong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department Rayong Hospital  Rayong Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thanapat","family":"Wongrapee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department Phaholpolpayuhasena Hospital  Kanchanaburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patama","family":"Suttha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute  Nonthaburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phunlerd","family":"Piyaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Department Phramongkutklao College of Medicine  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaniya","family":"Leepiyasakulchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Technology Mahidol University  Nakhon Pathom 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Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Westercamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0298-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Azziz\u2010Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6474-8390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua A.","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Program Thai Ministry of Public Health \u2013 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Nonthaburi Thailand"},{"name":"Influenza Division U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suthat","family":"Chottanapund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health  Nonthaburi Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"WHO Director\u2010General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID\u201019\u201011 March 2020","year":"2020","author":"World Health Organization","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Worldometer.COVID\u201019 coronavirus pandemic.2021;https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/. 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