{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:46:57Z","timestamp":1772160417552,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>COVID\u201019 vaccination effectiveness has been monitored in observational studies (test\u2010negativity design or traditional cohort design), but these studies have not addressed the potential behavioral bias between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. We aimed to address this by comparing COVID\u201019 testing rates between vaccination status and whether vaccination changes the testing rates. We found that three times vaccinated had least tests performed during the pandemic and unvaccinated had the highest testing rate. Each vaccination dose increased the testing rate. In conclusion the observational studies addressing vaccine effectiveness should also present testing rates between vaccinated and unvaccinated to address the potential behavioral bias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]],"date-time":"2022-04-27T07:18:42Z","timestamp":1651043922000},"page":"842-845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["COVID\u201019 vaccination status and testing rates in Finland\u2014A potential cause for bias in observational vaccine effectiveness analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8178-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilari","family":"Kuitunen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Eastern Finland  Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"Mikkeli Central Hospital  Mikkeli Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Uimonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Finland Hospital Nova  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santeri J.","family":"Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikkeli Central Hospital  Mikkeli Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ville T.","family":"Ponkilainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Finland Hospital Nova  Jyv\u00e4skyl\u00e4 Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101544"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)00947\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101765"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.02.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2021.26.50.2101147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(22)00090\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2119451"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12993","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.12993","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.12993","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T01:52:45Z","timestamp":1692841965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.12993"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.12993"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.12993","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.12993\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}