{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:56:50Z","timestamp":1790107010850,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little RSV activity was observed during the first expected RSV season since the COVID\u201019 pandemic. Multiple countries later experienced out\u2010of\u2010season RSV resurgences, yet their association with non\u2010pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) is unclear. This study aimed to describe the changes in RSV epidemiology during the COVID\u201019 pandemic and to estimate the association between individual NPIs and the RSV resurgences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RSV activity from Week (W)12\u20102020 to W44\u20102021 was compared with three pre\u2010pandemic seasons using RSV surveillance data from Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Israel, Japan, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, the Netherlands and the United States. Changes in nine NPIs within 10\u00a0weeks before RSV resurgences were described. Associations between NPIs and RSV activity were assessed with linear mixed models. Adherence to NPIs was not taken into account.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Average delay of the first RSV season during the COVID\u201019 pandemic was 39\u2009weeks (range: 13\u201388\u2009weeks). Although the delay was &lt;40\u2009weeks in six countries, a missed RSV season was observed in Brazil, Chile, Japan, Canada and South Korea. School closures, workplace closures, and stay\u2010at\u2010home requirements were most commonly downgraded before an RSV resurgence. Reopening schools and lifting stay\u2010at\u2010home requirements were associated with increases of 1.31% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) and 2.27% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06) in the deviation from expected RSV activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The first RSV season during the COVID\u201019 pandemic was delayed in the 11 countries included. Reopening of schools was consistently associated with increased RSV activity. As NPIs were often changed concomitantly, the association between RSV activity and school closures may be partly attributed to other NPIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T01:51:20Z","timestamp":1655949080000},"page":"926-936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["International changes in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemiology during the COVID\u201019 pandemic: Association with school closures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0951-9744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie\u2010No\u00eblle","family":"Billard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"van de Ven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Baraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"},{"name":"University of Udine  Udine Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyla","family":"Kragten\u2010Tabatabaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Clinical  Zeist The Netherlands"},{"name":"ReSViNET Foundation  Zeist The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis J.","family":"Bont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ReSViNET Foundation  Zeist The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3661-551X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne G.","family":"Wildenbeest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital University Medical Center Utrecht  Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214\u2010109X(19)30264\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(17)30938\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820000400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"WHO Director\u2010General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID\u201019\u201011 March 2020. 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