{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T09:20:43Z","timestamp":1776331243850,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We aimed to estimate the household secondary infection attack rate (hSAR) of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in investigations aligned with the WHO Unity Studies Household Transmission Investigations (HHTI) protocol. We conducted a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and medRxiv\/bioRxiv for \u201cUnity\u2010aligned\u201d First Few X cases (FFX) and HHTIs published 1 December 2019 to 26 July 2021. Standardised early results were shared by WHO Unity Studies collaborators (to 1 October 2021). We used a bespoke tool to assess investigation methodological quality. Values for hSAR and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted or calculated from crude data. Heterogeneity was assessed by visually inspecting overlap of CIs on forest plots and quantified in meta\u2010analyses. Of 9988 records retrieved, 80 articles (64 from databases; 16 provided by Unity Studies collaborators) were retained in the systematic review; 62 were included in the primary meta\u2010analysis. hSAR point estimates ranged from 2% to 90% (95% prediction interval: 3%\u201371%;\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u200999.7%);\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    values remained &gt;99% in subgroup analyses, indicating high, unexplained heterogeneity and leading to a decision not to report pooled hSAR estimates. FFX and HHTI remain critical epidemiological tools for early and ongoing characterisation of novel infectious pathogens. The large, unexplained variance in hSAR estimates emphasises the need to further support standardisation in planning, conduct and analysis, and for clear and comprehensive reporting of FFX and HHTIs in time and place, to guide evidence\u2010based pandemic preparedness and response efforts for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, influenza and future novel respiratory viruses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T03:10:52Z","timestamp":1655349052000},"page":"803-819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Transmission of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in standardised first few X cases and household transmission investigations: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1925-3943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah 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