{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:37:52Z","timestamp":1791517072755,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015096","name":"Canadian Dairy Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30121F00002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30121F00002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the COVID\u201019 pandemic, self\u2010reported COVID\u201019 vaccination might facilitate rapid evaluations of vaccine effectiveness (VE) when source documentation (e.g., immunization information systems [IIS]) is not readily available. We evaluated the concordance of COVID\u201019 vaccination status ascertained by self\u2010report versus source documentation and its impact on VE estimates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospitalized adults (\u226518\u2009years) admitted to 18 U.S. medical centers March\u2013June 2021 were enrolled, including COVID\u201019 cases and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 negative controls. Patients were interviewed about COVID\u201019 vaccination. Abstractors simultaneously searched IIS, medical records, and other sources for vaccination information. To compare vaccination status by self\u2010report and documentation, we estimated percent agreement and unweighted kappa with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We then calculated VE in preventing COVID\u201019 hospitalization of full vaccination (2 doses of mRNA product \u226514\u2009days prior to illness onset) independently using data from self\u2010report or source documentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2520 patients, 594 (24%) did not have self\u2010reported vaccination information to assign vaccination group; these patients tended to be more severely ill. Among 1924 patients with both self\u2010report and source documentation information, 95.0% (95% CI: 93.9\u201395.9%) agreement was observed, with a kappa of 0.9127 (95% CI: 0.9109\u20130.9145). VE was 86% (95% CI: 81\u201390%) by self\u2010report data only and 85% (95% CI: 81\u201089%) by source documentation data only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately one\u2010quarter of hospitalized patients could not provide self\u2010report COVID\u201019 vaccination status. Among patients with self\u2010report information, there was high concordance with source documented status. Self\u2010report may be a reasonable source of COVID\u201019 vaccination information for timely VE assessment for public health action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T02:44:49Z","timestamp":1657593889000},"page":"1101-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Ascertainment of vaccination status by self\u2010report versus source documentation: Impact on measuring COVID\u201019 vaccine effectiveness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Meagan","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID\u201019 Response Team  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0589-5766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha M.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID\u201019 Response Team  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley H.","family":"Self","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adit A.","family":"Ginde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjusha","family":"Gaglani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor Scott &amp; White Health  Temple Texas USA"},{"name":"Texas A&amp;M University College of Medicine  Temple Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan I.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin W.","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David N.","family":"Hager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Prekker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hennepin County Medical Center  Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle N.","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Healthcare Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine  Bronx New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay S.","family":"Steingrub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baystate Medical Center  Springfield Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ithan D.","family":"Peltan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intermountain Medical Center and University of Utah  Salt Lake City Utah USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily T.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Public Health  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raju","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health &amp; Science University Hospital  Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence W.","family":"Busse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Duggal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer G.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Qadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ronald Reagan\u2010UCLA Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Mallow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennie H.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University  St. Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew C.","family":"Exline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Chappell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam S.","family":"Lauring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Medicine  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Baughman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee 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