{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T14:29:09Z","timestamp":1793197749275,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>One year into the COVID\u201019 pandemic, the cumulative number of confirmed COVID\u201019 cases in Norway was still low. In January 2021, when the Norwegian COVID\u201019 vaccination campaign started, the national seroprevalence estimate of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies was 3.2%. We have conducted a nationwide cross\u2010sectional study in August 2021 to investigate the overall prevalence of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies in Norway after 8\u2009months of COVID\u201019 mass vaccination and a third wave of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Residual sera were collected from laboratories across Norway in August 2021. In IgG antibodies against the spike protein, the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) and the nucleocapsid protein of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 were measured by a bead\u2010based flow cytometric assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 1926 residual sera were collected from individuals aged 0\u201398\u2009years; 55.1% were from women. The overall national estimated seroprevalence from vaccination and\/or infection was 62.6% (credible interval [CrI] 60.1%\u201365.2%) based on having antibodies against both spike and RBD. Estimated seroprevalence increased with age. Among all samples, 11.7% had antibodies against nucleocapsid. For unvaccinated children &lt;12\u2009years, the seroprevalence estimate due to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection was 12.5% (95% CrI 9.3%\u201316.1%). Of seropositive samples from the unvaccinated children, 31.9% lacked anti\u2010nucleocapsid antibodies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high overall SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 seroprevalence estimates are in line with Norwegian registry data. Vaccination, not infection, contributed the most to the high seroprevalence in August 2021. Lack of antibodies against nucleocapsid should not automatically be interpreted as absence of previous infection as this could lead to underestimation of COVID\u201019 cases in seroprevalence studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T10:57:28Z","timestamp":1656586648000},"page":"1004-1013","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prevalence of antibodies against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in the Norwegian population, August 2021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8280-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gro","family":"Tunheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH)  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar \u00d8yvind Isaksson","family":"R\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH)  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adity","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audun","family":"Aase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH)  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Marte Bakken","family":"Kran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH)  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Torgils","family":"Vaage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fridtjof","family":"Lund\u2010Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Oslo University Hospital  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olav","family":"Hungnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH)  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Folkehelseinsituttet.Ukerapport\u2014uke 29.www.fhi.no: Folkehelseinstituttet;2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlpt.2020.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"The Norwegian Government.Timeline: news from Norwegian Ministries about the coronavirus disease Covid\u201019.https:\/\/www.regjeringen.no\/en\/topics\/koronavirus-covid-19\/timeline-for-news-from-norwegian-ministries-about-the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19\/id2692402\/. 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