{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:33:21Z","timestamp":1790541201771,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 outbreak was detected in a nursing home in February 2021 after residents and staff had received two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in January 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nursing home staff, long\u2010term residents and day\u2010care receivers were included in a retrospective cohort study. We calculated attack rates (AR), secondary AR (SAR) and their 95% binomial confidence interval (CI), and we compared them using Fisher's exact test or chi\u2010squared test, depending on the sample size. We used Poisson regression with robust error estimates to calculate vaccine effectiveness against SARS\u2010COV\u20102 infections. We selected variables based on directed acyclic graphs. As a proxy for viral load at diagnosis, we compared the mean Ct values at diagnosis using t tests or Mann\u2013Whitney U tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adjusted vaccine effectiveness against infection was 56% (95% CI: 15\u201377%, p\u2009=\u20090.04). Ct values at diagnosis were higher when intervals after receiving the second vaccination were longer (&gt;21 vs. \u226421\u2009days: 4.48\u2009cycles, p\u2009=\u20090.08). The SAR was 67% lower in households of vaccinated (2\/9 [22.2%]) than of unvaccinated infected staff (12\/18 [66.7%]; p\u2009=\u20090.046). Vaccination rates were lowest among staff with close physical contact to care\u2010receivers (46%). The highest AR in vaccinated staff had those working on wards (14%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vaccination reduced the risk for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, viral load and transmission; however, non\u2010pharmaceutical interventions remain essential to reduce transmission of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infections, even for vaccinated individuals. Vaccination coverage of staff ought to increase reduction of infections among themselves, their household members and residents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T15:38:43Z","timestamp":1662737923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["BNT162b2 vaccination reduced infections and transmission in a COVID\u201019 outbreak in a nursing home in Germany, 2021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7575-3734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily Dorothee","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology (PAE) Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET) European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)  Stockholm"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirco","family":"Sandfort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology (PAE) Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET) European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)  Stockholm"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances Unit Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM) European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Matysiak\u2010Klose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"D\u00f6rre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Postgraduate Training for Applied Epidemiology (PAE) Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Bojara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Local Public Health Authority Osnabr\u00fcck  Osnabr\u00fcck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Beyrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Public Health Agency of Lower Saxony  Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Hellenbrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Immunization Unit Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Robert\u2010Koch\u2010Institut.RKI \u2010 Infektionskrankheiten A\u2010Z \u2010 Epidemiologischer Steckbrief zu SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 und COVID\u201019 [Internet].2021[cited 2021 Jan 11]. Available from:https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/InfAZ\/N\/Neuartiges_Coronavirus\/Steckbrief.html;jsessionid=8626D400296162979EAA91A303BC1216.internet072?nn=2386228"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"COVID\u201019\u2010Ausbr\u00fcche in deutschen Alten\u2010und Pflegeheimen Hintergrund","volume":"18","author":"Schweickert B","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epidemiol Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","unstructured":"Vygen\u2010BonnetS KochJ BogdanC et al.Beschluss der STIKO f\u00fcr die Empfehlung der COVID\u201019\u2010Impfung und die dazugeh\u00f6rige wissenschaftliche Begr\u00fcndung STIKO\u2010Empfehlung zur COVID\u201019\u2010Impfung [Internet].2021. Available from:https:\/\/www.pei.de\/DE\/arzneimittelsicherheit\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Beschluss der STIKO zur 2. 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Available from:https:\/\/www.kff.org\/coronavirus-covid-19\/issue-brief\/key-questions-about-nursing-home-cases-deaths-and-vaccinations-as-omicron-spreads-in-the-united-states\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2115674"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab528"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201003470\u2010x"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13051","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.13051","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13051","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T17:22:42Z","timestamp":1692465762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.13051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.13051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.13051","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13051\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13051\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13051\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-08-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13051"}}