{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:14:13Z","timestamp":1791562453376,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparing disease severity between SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 variants among populations with varied vaccination and infection histories can help characterize emerging variants and support healthcare system preparedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared COVID\u201019 hospitalization risk among New York City residents with positive laboratory\u2010based SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 tests when \u226598% of sequencing results were Delta (August\u2013November 2021) or Omicron (BA.1 and sublineages, January 2022). A secondary analysis defined variant exposure using patient\u2010level sequencing results during July 2021\u2013January 2022, comprising 1\u201318% of weekly confirmed cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospitalization risk was lower among patients testing positive when Omicron (16,025\/488,053, 3.3%) than when Delta predominated (8268\/158,799, 5.2%). In multivariable analysis adjusting for demographic characteristics and prior diagnosis and vaccination status, patients testing positive when Omicron predominated, compared with Delta, had 0.72 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.82) times the hospitalization risk. In a secondary analysis of patients with sequencing results, hospitalization risk was similar among patients infected with Omicron (2042\/29,866, 6.8%), compared with Delta (1780\/25,272, 7.0%), and higher among the subset who received two mRNA vaccine doses (adjusted relative risk 1.64; 95% CI: 1.44, 1.87).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospitalization risk was lower among patients testing positive when Omicron predominated, compared with Delta. This finding persisted after adjusting for prior diagnosis and vaccination status, suggesting intrinsic virologic properties, not population\u2010based immunity, explained the lower severity. Secondary analyses demonstrated collider bias from the sequencing sampling frame changing over time in ways associated with disease severity. Representative data collection is necessary to avoid bias when comparing disease severity between previously dominant and newly emerging variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T02:44:43Z","timestamp":1667270683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Comparative hospitalization risk for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Omicron and Delta variant infections, by variant predominance periods and patient\u2010level sequencing results, New York City, August 2021\u2013January 2022"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3509-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon K.","family":"Greene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, COVID\u201019 Emergency Response Team New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene  Long Island City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Levin\u2010Rector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, COVID\u201019 Emergency Response Team New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene  Long Island City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nang T. T.","family":"Kyaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, COVID\u201019 Emergency Response Team New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene  Long Island City New York USA"},{"name":"Epidemic Intelligence Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Luoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, COVID\u201019 Emergency Response Team New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene  Long Island City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helly","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of the Public Health Laboratory New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"McGibbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, COVID\u201019 Emergency Response Team New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene  Long Island City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Mathes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, COVID\u201019 Emergency Response Team New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene  Long Island City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shama D.","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, COVID\u201019 Emergency Response Team New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene  Long Island City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(22)00017\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13752"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(22)00154\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(22)00462\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2022.27.4.2200077"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2022.27.9.2200121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666\u20107568(22)00093\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2022.27.22.2200396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.2274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7104e4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010022\u201001887\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12982"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7106e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj\u20102021\u2010069761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7105e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Gunadi HakimMS WibawaH et al.Comparative analysis of the outcomes of COVID\u201019 between patients infected with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Omicron and Delta variants: a retrospective cohort study.medRxiv2022; published online May 3.10.1101\/2022.04.30.22274532(preprint)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201004479\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"NYC DOHMH.NYC coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) data: variants.2022.https:\/\/github.com\/nychealth\/coronavirus-data\/tree\/master\/variants. 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