{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T23:54:26Z","timestamp":1784332466237,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75D30120C08405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75D30120C08405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005561","name":"North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["49927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["49927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Face masks have been recommended to reduce SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 transmission. However, evidence of the individual benefit of face masks remains limited, including by vaccination status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As part of the COVID\u201019 Community Research Partnership cohort study, we performed a nested case\u2013control analysis to assess the association between self\u2010reported consistent mask use during contact with others outside the household and subsequent odds of symptomatic SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection (COVID\u201019) during November 2020\u2013October 2021. Using conditional logistic regression, we compared 359 case\u2010participants to 3544 control\u2010participants who were matched by date, adjusting for enrollment site, age group, sex, race\/ethnicity, urban\/rural county classification, and healthcare worker occupation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID\u201019 was associated with not consistently wearing a mask (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.14, 1.95]). Compared with persons \u226514\u2009days after mRNA vaccination who also reported always wearing a mask, COVID\u201019 was associated with being unvaccinated (aOR 5.94; 95% CI [3.04, 11.62]), not wearing a mask (aOR 1.62; 95% CI [1.07, 2.47]), or both unvaccinated and not wearing a mask (aOR 9.07; 95% CI [4.81, 17.09]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that consistent mask wearing can complement vaccination to reduce the risk of COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T03:10:02Z","timestamp":1672974602000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association between COVID\u201019 and consistent mask wearing during contact with others outside the household\u2014A nested case\u2013control analysis, November 2020\u2013October 2021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7674-5071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley H.","family":"Tjaden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Milken Institute School of Public Health, Biostatistics Center George Washington University  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Edelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milken Institute School of Public Health, Biostatistics Center George Washington University  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naheed","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Calamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolinas Medical Center Atrium Health  Charlotte North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keerti L.","family":"Dantuluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases) Levine Children's Hospital, Atrium Health  Charlotte North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolinas Medical Center Atrium Health  Charlotte North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hinkelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine  Lillington North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgana","family":"Mongraw\u2010Chaffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention Wake Forest School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Saydah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID\u201019 Response  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian D.","family":"Plumb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID\u201019 Response  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the COVID\u201019 Community Research Partnership Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7106e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1505"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj\u20102021\u2010068302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n2729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2014564118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00152-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02183-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30293-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00040-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"CDC.Science brief: community use of masks to control the spread of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. Updated2021. Accessed May 24 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20\u20101015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010021\u201010950\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6947e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.09.22.21263900"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7039e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7039e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AbaluckJ ChevalierJA ChristakisNA FormanHP KaplanEH KoA VermundSH.The case for universal cloth mask adoption and policies to increase supply of medical masks for health workers. Preprint available at SSRN.2020.10.2139\/ssrn.3567438","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3567438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00818"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi9069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2611.203003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010021\u201010680\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.02.09.22270272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7037e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"FDA.Elecsys anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.01245\u201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"FDA.EUROIMMUN anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 ELISA (IgG).2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874\u2010021\u201001256\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6923e4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7106e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abh3409"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577\u2010021\u201000550\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7037e1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg6296"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1654"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)00869\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010022\u201001780\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention.CDC updates and shortens recommended isolation and quarantine period for general population.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Quarantine and isolation.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/your-health\/quarantine-isolation.html. Updated2022. Accessed June 25 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.COVID\u201019 community levels.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/science\/community-levels.html. Updated2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Isolation and precautions for people with COVID\u201019.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/your-health\/isolation.html. Updated2022. Accessed September 12 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2803.211885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.05.13.22275054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0074229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7133e1"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13080","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.13080","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T17:24:01Z","timestamp":1692465841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.13080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.13080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.13080","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13080\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13080\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13080\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13080"}}