{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:19:00Z","timestamp":1789024740643,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU50CK000488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU50CK000488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prior to the introduction of vaccines, COVID\u201019 hospitalizations of non\u2010institutionalized persons in Connecticut disproportionately affected communities of color and individuals of low socioeconomic status (SES). Whether the magnitude of these disparities changed 7\u20139\u00a0months after vaccine rollout during the Delta wave is not well documented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All initially hospitalized patients with laboratory\u2010confirmed COVID\u201019 during July\u2013September 2021 were obtained from the Connecticut COVID\u201019\u2010Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network database, including patients' geocoded residential addresses. Census tract measures of poverty and crowding were determined by linking geocoded residential addresses to the 2014\u20132018 American Community Survey. Age\u2010adjusted incidence and relative rates of COVID\u201019 hospitalization were calculated and compared with those from July to December 2020. Vaccination levels by age and race\/ethnicity at the beginning and end of the study period were obtained from Connecticut's COVID vaccine registry, and age\u2010adjusted average values were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 708 COVID\u201019 hospitalizations among community residents of the two counties, July\u2013September 2021. Age\u2010adjusted incidence was the highest among non\u2010Hispanic Blacks and Hispanic\/Latinx compared with non\u2010Hispanic Whites (RR 4.10 [95% CI 3.41\u20134.94] and 3.47 [95% CI 2.89\u20134.16]). Although RR decreased significantly among Hispanic\/Latinx and among the lowest SES groups, it increased among non\u2010Hispanic Blacks (from RR 3.2 [95% CI 2.83\u20133.32] to RR 4.10). Average age\u2010adjusted vaccination rates among those \u226512\u2009years were the lowest among non\u2010Hispanic Blacks compared with Hispanic\/Latinx and non\u2010Hispanic Whites (50.6% vs. 64.7% and 66.6%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although racial\/ethnic and SES disparities in COVID\u201019 hospitalization have mostly decreased over time, disparities among non\u2010Hispanic Blacks increased, possibly due to differences in vaccination rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T20:28:12Z","timestamp":1670876892000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trends in disparities in COVID hospitalizations among community\u2010dwelling residents of two counties in Connecticut, before and after vaccine introduction, March 2020\u2013September 2021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"McWilliams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Bothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Yousey\u2010Hindes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Emerging Infections Program Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1176-851X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James L.","family":"Hadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Connecticut Emerging Infections Program Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Underlying Medical Conditions Associated With Higher Risk for Severe COVID\u201019: Information for Healthcare Professionals","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2111870119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2012910"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2003.032482"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Race\/Ethnic Disparities in COVID\u201019 Hospitalizations Stronger Than Socioeconomic Ones During Stay Safe, Stay Home, New Haven and Middlesex Counties, March 1\u2013May 8, 2020","author":"Hadler JL","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12945"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2011.300224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12231"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"FDA approves First COVID\u201019 Vaccine","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","volume-title":"Spikevax and Moderna COVID\u201019 Vaccine","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"FDA and CDC Lift Recommended Pause on Johnson & Johnson (Janssen) COVID\u201019 Vaccine Use Following Thorough Safety Review","author":"US Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","volume-title":"COVID\u201019 Vaccinations by Age Group [Data Set]"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","volume-title":"COVID\u201019 Vaccinations by Race\/Ethnicity and Age [Data Set]","author":"Connecticut Department of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","volume-title":"Age Adjustment Using the 2000 Projected U.S. Population. Healthy People Statistical Notes","author":"Klein RJ","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"HyacintheMF WhittakerS.Vaccine Hesitance and Medical Mistrust: What Did We Learn?https:\/\/iaphs.org\/vaccine-hesitancy-and-medical-mistrust-what-did-we-learn. Accessed September 21 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201028200\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"CDC COVID Data Tracker","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510383498"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13082","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.13082","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T17:22:26Z","timestamp":1692465746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.13082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.13082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.13082","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13082\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13082\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13082\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13082"}}