{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:52:50Z","timestamp":1787014370932,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN272201400006C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201400006C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 A1088654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 A1088654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AI144616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AI144616"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pandemic highlights the need for an increased understanding of coronavirus epidemiology. In a pediatric cohort in Nicaragua, we evaluate the seasonality and burden of common cold coronavirus (ccCoV) infection and evaluate likelihood of symptoms in reinfections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children presenting with symptoms of respiratory illness were tested for each of the four ccCoVs (NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1). Annual blood samples collected before ccCoV infection were tested for antibodies against each ccCoV. Seasonality was evaluated using wavelet and generalized additive model (GAM) analyses, and age\u2013period effects were investigated using a Poisson model. We also evaluate the risk of symptom presentation between primary and secondary infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort of 2576 children from 2011 to 2016, we observed 595 ccCoV infections and 107 cases of ccCoV\u2010associated lower respiratory infection (LRI). The overall incidence rate was 61.1 per 1000 person years (95% confidence interval (CI): 56.3, 66.2). Children under two had the highest incidence of ccCoV infections and associated LRI. ccCoV incidence rapidly decreases until about age 6. Each ccCoV circulated throughout the year and demonstrated annual periodicity. Peaks of NL63 typically occurred 3\u2009months before 229E peaks and 6\u2009months after OC43 peaks. Approximately 69% of symptomatic ccCoV infections were secondary infections. There was slightly lower risk (rate ratio (RR): 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.97) of LRI between secondary and primary ccCoV infections among participants under the age of 5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ccCoV spreads annually among children with the greatest burden among ages 0\u20131. Reinfection is common; prior infection is associated with slight protection against LRI among the youngest children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T21:16:13Z","timestamp":1670620573000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Burden and seasonality of primary and secondary symptomatic common cold coronavirus infections in Nicaraguan children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Frutos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Balmaseda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Center S\u00f3crates Flores Vivas Ministry of Health  Managua Nicaragua"},{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional de Virolog\u00eda, Centro Nacional de Diagn\u00f3sticoy Referencia Ministry of Health  Managua Nicaragua"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nivea","family":"Vydiswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayuri","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Ojeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Sciences Institute  Managua Nicaragua"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Tutino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuwei","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nery","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Sciences Institute  Managua Nicaragua"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Nacional de Virolog\u00eda, Centro Nacional de Diagn\u00f3sticoy Referencia Ministry of Health  Managua Nicaragua"},{"name":"Sustainable Sciences Institute  Managua Nicaragua"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermina","family":"Kuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Center S\u00f3crates Flores Vivas Ministry of Health  Managua Nicaragua"},{"name":"Sustainable Sciences Institute  Managua Nicaragua"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aubree","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac355"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaa037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00636\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020240"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2017.58.1.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pix093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096\u2010017\u20103144\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa185"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa161"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy646"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/pix027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v12060630"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2018.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002884"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15\u20100271"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.144499"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102334\u201013\u2010433"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01967\u201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010020\u20101083\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16037.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010015\u20101256\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"9 Real\u2010Time RT\u2010PCR Assays for Non\u2010Influenza Respiratory Viruses","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0000414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpmc.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwab073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01566"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000001236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12391"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25636"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2017.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.03.22.22272640"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201018450\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01253769"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit609"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.33.3.734\u2010737.1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201037747\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.18794"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.10.10.22280915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985\u2010017\u20100896\u20100"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13086","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.13086","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T17:24:44Z","timestamp":1692465884000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.13086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.13086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.13086","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13086\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13078"}}