{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:46:59Z","timestamp":1772160419105,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21fk0108104k0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21fk0108104k0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21nf0101626j0102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21nf0101626j0102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008732","name":"Uehara Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202120234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202120234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The antigenicity of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 is a critical issue for the effectiveness of the vaccine, and thus, it should be phenotypically evaluated by serological assays as new field isolates emerge. The hemagglutination\/hemagglutination inhibition (HA\/HI) tests are well known as a representative method for antigenic analysis of influenza viruses, but SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 does not agglutinate human or guinea pig red blood cells. Therefore, the antigenic analysis requires complicated cell\u2010based assays using special equipment such as plate reader or ELISPOT analyzer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the HA\/HI tests for influenza viruses, we developed the particle agglutination\/particle agglutination inhibition (PA\/PAI) test to easily and rapidly quantify the virus and antibody using human angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)\u2010bound latex beads. The virus titers were determined by mixing the beads and the virus from culture supernatant, settling it overnight, and then observing the sedimentation\/agglutination pattern (PA test). The neutralization antibody titers were determined by mixing virus\u2010infected hamster antisera in addition to the beads and virus (PAI test).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PA titer was positively correlated with the plaque\u2010forming units. The PAI titer using the hamster antisera clearly revealed the antigenic difference between the omicron and previous variants. The antigenic differences were supported by the results shown in other methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PAI test is an easy and rapid method to analyze the antigenicity of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T20:30:07Z","timestamp":1675715407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of the particle agglutination\/particle agglutination inhibition test for antigenic analysis of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Acute Respiratory Virus, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shutoku","family":"Matsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Acute Respiratory Virus, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Shirakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Arita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Seed Virus Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Seed Virus Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Asanuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Seed Virus Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Acute Respiratory Virus, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Seed Virus Development, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4113-1579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuya","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Influenza Virus Surveillance, Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201004389\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010021\u201004388\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2017.22.13.30494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596\u2010021\u201000536\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587\u2010020\u20100631\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Manual for the laboratory diagnosis and virological surveillance of influenza. 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