{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T23:35:29Z","timestamp":1773444929655,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20JC141020002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JC141020002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a case\u2010ascertained study to determine the features of household transmission of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Omicron variant in Shanghai, China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In April 2022, we carried out a household transmission study from 309 households of 335 SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pediatric cases referred to a designated tertiary Children's Hospital. The detailed information can be collected from the 297 households for estimating the transmission parameters. The 236 households were qualified for estimating the secondary infection attack rates (SAR\n                      <jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and secondary clinical attack rates (SAR\n                      <jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) among adult household contacts, characterizing the transmission heterogeneities in infectivity and susceptibility, and assessing the vaccine effectiveness.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We estimated the mean incubation period and serial interval of Omicron variant to be 4.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1 and 3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7\u2009days, respectively, with 57.2% of the transmission events occurring at the presymptomatic phase. The overall SAR\n                      <jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub>\n                      and SAR\n                      <jats:sub>C<\/jats:sub>\n                      among adult household contacts were 77.11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 73.58%\u201380.63%) and 67.03% (63.09%\u201370.98%). We found higher household susceptibility in females. Infectivity was not significantly different between children and adults and symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Two\u2010dose and booster\u2010dose of inactivated COVID\u201019 vaccination were 14.8% (5.8%\u201322.9%) and 18.9% (9.0%\u201327.7%) effective against Omicron infection and 21.5% (10.4%\u201331.2%) and 24.3% (12.3%\u201334.7%) effective against the symptomatic disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found high household transmission during the Omicron wave in Shanghai due to presymptomatic and asymptomatic transmission despite implementation of strict interventions, indicating the importance of early detection and timely isolation of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infections. Marginal effectiveness of inactivated vaccines against Omicron infection poses a great challenge for outbreak containment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]],"date-time":"2023-02-05T22:14:59Z","timestamp":1675635299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Household transmission of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 during the Omicron wave in Shanghai, China: A case\u2010ascertained study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhongqiu","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhonglin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailing","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimei","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gongbao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3491-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Children's Hospital of Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO Health Emergency Dashboard. 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