{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:19:07Z","timestamp":1789132747700,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005224","name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01\u2010IP001034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01\u2010IP001034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005224","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N93021C00015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N93021C00015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The annual reappearance of respiratory viruses has been recognized for decades. COVID\u201019 mitigation measures taken during the pandemic were targeted at respiratory transmission and broadly impacted the burden of acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the longitudinal Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) cohort in southeast Michigan to characterize the circulation of respiratory viruses from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021, using RT\u2010PCR of respiratory specimens collected at illness onset. Participants were surveyed twice during the study period, and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies were measured in serum by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Incidence rates of ARI reports and virus detections were compared between the study period and a preceding pre\u2010pandemic period of similar duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 437 participants reported a total of 772 ARIs; 42.6% had respiratory viruses detected. Rhinoviruses were the most frequent virus, but seasonal coronaviruses, excluding SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, were also common. Illness reports and percent positivity were lowest from May to August 2020, when mitigation measures were most stringent. Seropositivity for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 was 5.3% in summer 2020 and increased to 11.3% in spring 2021. The incidence rate of total reported ARIs for the study period was 50% lower (95% CI: 0.5, 0.6;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than the incidence rate from a pre\u2010pandemic comparison period (March 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The burden of ARI in the HIVE cohort during the COVID\u201019 pandemic fluctuated, with declines occurring concurrently with the widespread use of public health measures. Rhinovirus and seasonal coronaviruses continued to circulate even when influenza and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 circulation was low.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T03:40:40Z","timestamp":1677642040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Respiratory virus circulation during the first year of the COVID\u201019 pandemic in the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) cohort"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sydney R.","family":"Fine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latifa A.","family":"Bazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Northwestern University  Evanston Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy P.","family":"Callear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua G.","family":"Petrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Marshfield Clinic Research Institute  Marshfield Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3546-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Malosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services  Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1548-1495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua E.","family":"Foster\u2010Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Ibiebele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0483-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Rolfes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold S.","family":"Monto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5771-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily T.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/44.suppl_2.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.72.11.1280"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000108193.91607.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.11.2864\u20102868.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/511829"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1526\u20100542(03)00024\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006671"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.110716"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010018\u20100002\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz086"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12944"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu327"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12822"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04795"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000656"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010020\u201001872\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab395"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013182117"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2702.204041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002845"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201030485\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12884"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006770"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201109\u20101635OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy184"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1911083116"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010021\u201011178\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2021\u2010051462"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2020.113919"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00431\u201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1612"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13106","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/irv.13106","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13106","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T12:42:50Z","timestamp":1692621770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.13106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.13106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.13106","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13106\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}],"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.12.08.22283268","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13106"}}