{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:54:51Z","timestamp":1792234491391,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013302","name":"King Abdullah International Medical Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RC15\/142\/R\/CT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC15\/142\/R\/CT"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type I interferons (IFNs) are essential antiviral cytokines induced upon respiratory exposure to coronaviruses. Defects in type I IFN signaling can result in severe disease upon exposure to respiratory viral infection and are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Neutralizing autoantibodies (auto\u2010Abs) to type I IFNs were reported as a risk factor for life\u2010threatening COVID\u201019, but their presence has not been evaluated in patients with severe Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We evaluated the prevalence of type I IFN auto\u2010Abs in a cohort of hospitalized patients with MERS who were enrolled in a placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial for treatment with IFN\u2010\u03b21b and lopinavir\u2010ritonavir (MIRACLE trial). Samples were tested for type I IFN auto\u2010Abs using a multiplex particle\u2010based assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 62 enrolled patients, 15 (24.2%) were positive for immunoglobulin G auto\u2010Abs for at least one subtype of type I IFNs. Auto\u2010Abs positive patients were not different from auto\u2010Abs negative patients in age, sex, or comorbidities. However, the majority (93.3%) of patients who were auto\u2010Abs positive were critically ill and admitted to the ICU at the time of enrollment compared to 66% in the auto\u2010Abs negative patients. The effect of treatment with IFN\u2010\u03b21b and lopinavir\u2010ritonavir did not significantly differ between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates the presence of type I IFN auto\u2010Abs in hospitalized patients with MERS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T05:22:33Z","timestamp":1679376153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Type I interferon\u00a0autoantibodies in hospitalized patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome and association with outcomes and treatment effect of interferon beta\u20101b in MIRACLE clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Faizah","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Health Professions King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naif Khalaf","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey B.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH)  MD Bethesda USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayed Y.","family":"Asiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Assiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan H.","family":"Balkhy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Division World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed","family":"Al Jeraisy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Mandourah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Sultan Military Medical City  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameera","family":"AlJohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shmeylan","family":"Al Harbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Care Department King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani A. Aziz","family":"Jokhdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad M.","family":"Deeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5099-0714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziad A.","family":"Memish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, College of Medicine Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University  Georgia Atlanta USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesna","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameeh","family":"Ghazal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Hospital  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Al Faraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Sultan Military Medical City  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghaleb A.","family":"Al Mekhlafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Sultan Military Medical City  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisreen Murad","family":"Sherbeeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Sultan Military Medical City  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatehi 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