{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T04:08:27Z","timestamp":1788840507644,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza is an acute viral infection with significant morbidity and mortality. It occurs annually each winter, which is called seasonal influenza, and is preventable through safe vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this work is to know the epidemiological pattern of patients with seasonal influenza in Iraqi sentinel sites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was carried out on records of patients who attended four sentinel sites and registered to have influenza\u2010like illness (ILI) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), and laboratory investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The total number of cases was 1124; 36.2% of them aged 19\u201339\u2009years; 53.9% were female; 74.9% lived in urban areas; 64.3% diagnosed as ILI; and 35.7% as SARI; 15.9% had diabetes, 12.7% had heart disease, 4.8% had asthma, 3% had a chronic lung disease, and 2% had hematological disease; 94.6% did not get influenza vaccine. About COVID\u201019 vaccine, 69.4% were not vaccinated, 3.5% got only one dose, and 27.1% completed two doses. Only the SARI cases needed admission; among them, 95.7% were cured. 6.5% were diagnosed with influenza\u2010A virus, 26.1% had COVID\u201019, and 67.5% were negative. Among those with influenza, 97.3% had H3N2 subtype and 2.7% had H1N1 pdm09.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The percentage of influenza virus in Iraq is relatively small. The age, classification of case (ILI or SARI), having diabetes, heart disease, or immunological disease, and taking COVID\u201019 vaccine have a significant association with influenza.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recommendations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is needed for similar sentinel sites in other health directorates and for rising health education about seasonal influenza and its vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T02:49:48Z","timestamp":1682304588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The epidemiological pattern of seasonal influenza in four sentinel sites in Iraq"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2703-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Hasan","family":"Radhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC, MoH  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyad Hazim","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iraqi Ministry of Health  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riyadh","family":"Alhilifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iraqi Ministry of Health  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"751","article-title":"Influenza: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"100","author":"Gaitonde DY","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2013.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"International SOS Foundation.Seasonal Influenza Overview Report.2018. [Internet] Netherlands. Available at:https:\/\/pandemic.internationalsos.com\/overview\/seasonal-Influenza Accessed in May 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2019.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.51.1.407"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"1333","article-title":"Technical guidelines for seasonal influenza vaccination in China, 2019\u20132020","volume":"40","author":"National Immunization Advisory Committee (NIAC)","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxz008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine National Center for Biotechnology Information Literature Mesh Database.2022. [Internet] United States. Available at:https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/mesh\/68018571. Accessed in May 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia\u2010 The Free Encyclopedia.Sentinel Surveillance Report.2022[Internet]. Available at:https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sentinel_surveillance. Accessed in May 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"Macrotrends.Baghdad Iraq Metro Area Population 1950\u20132022.2022[Internet] United States. Available at:https:\/\/www.macrotrends.net\/cities\/21529\/baghdad\/population. Accessed in May 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Population Stats\u2010 World Statistical Data.Baghdad Iraq Population.2022[Internet]. Available at:https:\/\/populationstat.com\/iraq\/baghdad. Accessed in May 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2016.12.017"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"A narrative review of influenza: a seasonal and pandemic disease","volume":"42","author":"Moghadami M","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.07.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.201229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0498-2017"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13134","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:23:38Z","timestamp":1692663818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.13134"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.13134"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.13134","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13134\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13134\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13134\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13134\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13134\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13134"}}