{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:46:59Z","timestamp":1772160419808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza epidemics cause around 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness worldwide every year. Estimates are needed for a better understanding of the burden of disease especially in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries. The objective of this study is to estimate the number and rate of influenza\u2010associated respiratory hospitalizations in Lebanon during five influenza seasons (2015\u20132016 to 2019\u20132020) by age and province of residence in addition to estimating the influenza burden by level of severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The severe acute respiratory infection sentinel surveillance system was used to compute influenza positivity from the influenza laboratory confirmed cases. The total of respiratory hospitalizations under the influenza and pneumonia diagnosis was retrieved from the Ministry of Public Health hospital billing database. Age\u2010specific and province\u2010specific frequencies and rates were estimated for each season. Rates per 100\u2009000 population were calculated with 95% confidence levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The estimated seasonal average of influenza\u2010associated hospital admission was 2866 for a rate of 48.1 (95% CI: 46.4\u201349.9) per 100\u2009000. As for the distribution by age group, the highest rates were seen in the two age groups \u226565\u2009years and 0\u20134\u00a0years whereas the lowest rate was for the age group 15\u201349\u2009years. For the distribution by province of residence, the highest influenza\u2010associated hospitalization rates were reported from the Bekaa\u2010Baalback\/Hermel provinces.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study shows the substantial burden of influenza in Lebanon mainly on high\u2010risk groups (\u226565\u2009years and &lt;5\u00a0years). It is crucial to translate these findings into policies and practices to reduce the burden and estimate the illness\u2010related expenditure and indirect costs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T02:50:12Z","timestamp":1682304612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Estimation of the influenza\u2010associated respiratory hospitalization burden using sentinel surveillance data, Lebanon, 2015\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1961-2600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeina","family":"Farah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Surveillance Program Ministry of Public Health  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hala Abou","family":"El Naja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office World Health Organization  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Tempia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Influenza Program World Health Organization  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health Lebanese University  Beirut Lebanon"},{"name":"INSPECT\u2010LB (Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, d'\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie Clinique et de Toxicologie)  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdinasir","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Country office World Health Organization  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Maison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM)  Saint\u2010Denis France"},{"name":"Paris\u2010Est Creteil University  Creteil France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Ghosn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiological Surveillance Program Ministry of Public Health  Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Influenza (Seasonal)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Key Facts About Influenza (Flu)","author":"CDC","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Summary Report on the Consultative Meeting to Review Progress in Introducing Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Virtual Meeting, 28 September 2021","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Estimating disease burden of influenza. Accessed December 6 2022.https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/activities\/estimating-disease-burden-of-influenza"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"A Manual for Estimating Disease Burden Associated with Seasonal Influenza","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12533"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12500"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Burden of disease. Accessed December 6 2022.https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-influenza-programme\/surveillance-and-monitoring\/burden-of-disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.ICD\u201010 Version: 2019. 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Accessed December 21 2022.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/14-10-2022-estimating-seasonal-influenza-burden-across-the-disease-severity-pyramid"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2016.22.7.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12492"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12497"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2016.22.7.432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.09.020421"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213\u20102600(18)30496\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"Wikipedia.Beqaa Valley.2022. Accessed: Dec. 28 2022. [Online]. 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