{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:04:43Z","timestamp":1793376283578,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is the first study in which demographic, laboratory data, and outcomes of coronavirus disease\u20102019 (COVID\u201019) patients due to the circulating SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infections caused by different variants (Alpha, Delta, and Omicron) are compared in Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study of confirmed hospitalized COVID\u201019 cases from April 9, 2021, to May 22, 2022. Demographic data and laboratory findings were extracted from patients' electronic medical records on the first day of admission to the hospital. All patients were followed up for outcomes related to COVID\u201019 including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 760 confirmed hospitalized COVID\u201019 cases, 362, 298, and 100 represented patients during waves 4\u20136, respectively. During the Omicron wave, hospitalized patients were older than the other two waves and had a lower median level of C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The median length of hospital stay during waves 4\u20136 was 5\u2009days (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.0\u20138.0), 7\u2009days (IQR: 6.0\u201311), and 6\u2009days (IQR: 5.0\u20139.0), respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The rate of ICU admission during waves 4\u20136 significantly increased.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the Omicron variant caused less severe disease, in older patients who were hospitalized due to Omicron infection, longer hospital and ICU stays were reported, which could be attributed to their old age. In particular, elderly patients are more vulnerable to severe COVID\u201019; otherwise, as expected, other laboratory parameters and clinical outcomes were in accordance with differences in pathogenicity and infectivity of these variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T03:22:00Z","timestamp":1691551320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparison of clinical outcomes, demographic, and laboratory characteristics of hospitalized COVID\u201019 patients during major three waves driven by Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants in Tehran, Iran"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"heydarifard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatitis Research Center, Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine Lorestan University of Medical Sciences  Khorramabad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazanin\u2010Zahra","family":"Shafiei\u2010Jandaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Department, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moslem","family":"Safaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science  Yazd Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Forough","family":"Tavakoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2741-2745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somayeh","family":"Shatizadeh Malekshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab465"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/ijph.v49i8.3903"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276\u2010021\u201000604\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Aleem A","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.opresp.2022.100169"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22088\/cjim.11.0.544"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985\u2010022\u201001846\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267847"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2022.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.618"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201090610\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00045632211014244"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.220676"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M22\u20100308"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586\u2010021\u201002039\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LuoCH MorrisCP SachithanandhamJ et al.Infection with the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 delta variant is associated with higher infectious virus loads compared to the alpha variant in both unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. medRxiv.2021.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.08.15.21262077"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.04.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.792135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(21)00475\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2022.891162"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100556"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2022.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7104e4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7106e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214\u2010109X(22)00114\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2022.27.22.2200396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5492\/wjccm.v10.i5.278"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.13762"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.2022.J041"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394\u2010021\u201002704\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096721090201000501"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00320106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GarrettN TapleyA AndriesenJ et al.High rate of asymptomatic carriage associated with variant strain omicron. medRxiv.2022.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.12.20.21268130"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2022.27.9.2200121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EmaniVR PallipuramVK GoswamiKK et al.Increasing SARS\u2010CoV2 cases hospitalizations and deaths among the vaccinated populations during the Omicron (B. 1.1. 529) variant surge in UK. medRxiv.2022.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.06.28.22276926"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T21:49:08Z","timestamp":1693259348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.13184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.13184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.13184","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13184\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13184\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13184\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13184\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13184"}}