{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:47:05Z","timestamp":1772160425189,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI157827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI157827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013017","name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013017","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 has demonstrated that, in targeted circumstances, viral quantification within respiratory specimens can valuably inform patient management, as well as research. Nevertheless, the pandemic has illustrated concomitant challenges for obtaining high\u2010quality (and broadly comparable) respiratory viral loads. This includes a critical need for standardization and calibration, even though the necessary resources may not always be available for emergent pathogens and non\u2010bloodstream specimens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To these ends, we describe a novel strategy for implementing quantitative SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 testing with International Unit\u2010based calibration. Earlier in the course of the pandemic\u2014when analytic resources were far more limited\u2014select residual SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 positive specimens from routine care in our diagnostic laboratory were pooled to formulate a clinically realistic secondary standard of high volume and analyte concentration, which was cross\u2010calibrated to the primary SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 standard of the World Health Organization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The resultant calibrators were integrated into the original CDC RT\u2010qPCR assay for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, whose (now broadened) performance characteristics were defined to generate a test appropriate for both clinical and research use. This test allowed for the quantification of virus in respiratory specimens down to a validated lower limit of quantification of 10\n                      <jats:sup>3.4<\/jats:sup>\n                      IU\/ml.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By self\u2010formulating calibrators from this derivative\u2010of\u2010care secondary standard, we successfully validated respiratory viral loads without the commercial availability (at that time) of quantitative assays or calibrators. As the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pandemic continues to decline\u2014and even beyond this pathogen\u2014this strategy may be applicable for laboratories seeking to implement viral load testing for nontraditional specimen types despite limited resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T20:43:25Z","timestamp":1706042605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Internationally standardized respiratory viral load testing with limited resources: A derivative\u2010of\u2010care calibration strategy for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lili","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Maris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2727-9078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"},{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation Vanderbilt University Medical Center  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29800"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Guidelines for the care and treatment of persons diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. 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