{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:47:05Z","timestamp":1772160425908,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61773471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61773471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) has been the most significant public health challenge in over a century. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 has infected over 765 million people worldwide, resulting in over 6.9 million deaths. This study aimed to detect community transmission of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 and monitor the co\u2010circulation of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 with other acute respiratory pathogens in Rift Valley, Kenya.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional active sentinel surveillance for the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 virus among patients with acute respiratory infections at four sites in Rift Valley from January 2022 to December 2022. One thousand two hundred seventy\u2010one patients aged between 3 years and 98 years presenting with influenza\u2010like illness (ILI) were recruited into the study. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens from all study participants were screened using a reverse transcription\u2010quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010qPCR) for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The samples that tested positive for influenza A (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 73) and RSV (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12) were subtyped, while SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 177) positive samples were further screened for 12 viral and seven bacterial respiratory pathogens. We had a prevalence of 13.9% for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102, 5.7% for influenza A, 2% for influenza B and 1% for RSV. Influenza A\u2010H1pdm09 and RSV B were the most dominant circulating subtypes of influenza A and RSV, respectively. The most common co\u2010infecting pathogens were\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 29) and\n                      <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 19), accounting for 16.4% and 10.7% of all the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 positive samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Augmenting syndromic testing in acute respiratory infections (ARIs) surveillance is crucial to inform evidence\u2010based clinical and public health interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T11:08:30Z","timestamp":1701256110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tracking severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission and co\u2010infection with other acute respiratory pathogens using a sentinel surveillance system in Rift Valley, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8759-0725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent Kiplangat","family":"Ruttoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samwel Lifumo","family":"Symekher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virus Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Nairobi 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Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Tonui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Pan African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter Kipkemboi","family":"Rotich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonny Teya","family":"Nyandwaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne Wanjiru","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Nairobi 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