{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:47:57Z","timestamp":1777564077625,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H03668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23H02955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23H02955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18K16292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K16292"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008673","name":"Yasuda Memorial Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008673","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008732","name":"Uehara Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006680","name":"Takeda Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004051","name":"Kato Memorial Bioscience Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory infections are an ongoing global health challenge. The COVID\u201019 pandemic triggered global nonpharmacological measures that reshaped public health. In Japan, the shift from legal to individual discretion in pandemic management\u00a0started\u00a0on May 8, 2023. However, it still unknown how the relaxation of measures affects respiratory pathogens across age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected 16,946 samples from 13,526 patients between February 2020 and September 2023, analyzing the circulating respiratory pathogen dynamics using FilmArray respiratory panel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our analysis revealed significant increases in the positivity rates of respiratory pathogens across multiple age groups after relaxation. The pathogens including adenovirus,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , parainfluenza 2 and parainfluenza 4 showed increased positivity predominantly in children aged under 10\u2009years. Conversely, some pathogens including human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus\/enterovirus, and respiratory virus (RSV) increased in broad range of age groups. SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 positivity rates decreased in children under 10\u2009years but increased in those aged over 60\u2009years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age\u2010stratified analysis reveals a dynamic pattern of circulating pathogen in each age group after relaxation measures. This study provides essential epidemiologic data that can guide strategies to protect different age groups and effectively respond to respiratory infections in post\u2010COVID\u201019 era.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T19:10:00Z","timestamp":1711048200000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Changes in Viral Dynamics Following the Legal Relaxation of COVID\u201019 Mitigation Measures in Japan From Children to Adults: A Single Center Study, 2020\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8002-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosuke","family":"Hirotsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Analysis Center Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nagakubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Analysis Center Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"},{"name":"Division of Microbiology in Clinical Laboratory Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"},{"name":"Division of Genetics and Clinical Laboratory Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Maejima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology in Clinical Laboratory Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Shibusawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology in Clinical Laboratory Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Hosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology in Clinical Laboratory Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Sueki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology in Clinical Laboratory Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Analysis Center Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"},{"name":"Central Clinical Laboratory Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Omata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Yamanashi Central Hospital  Kofu Yamanashi Japan"},{"name":"The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2293-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23440-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2405-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92766-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2021.100282"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2021.104795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104543"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"The Cabinet Secretariat in Japan \u201cBasic Policies for Novel Coronavirus Disease Control \u201d2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00464-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"The Effects of the COVID\u201019 Pandemic on Community Respiratory Virus Activity","volume":"21","author":"Chow E. 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