{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:47:06Z","timestamp":1772160426198,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID\u201019\u201022\u201043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID\u201019\u201022\u201043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004252","name":"Qatar University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["QUCG\u2010BRC\u201023\/24\u2010170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QUCG\u2010BRC\u201023\/24\u2010170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UREP28\u2010173\u20103\u2010057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UREP28\u2010173\u20103\u2010057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Priming with ChAdOx1 followed by heterologous boosting is considered in several countries. Nevertheless, analyses comparing the immunogenicity of heterologous booster to homologous primary vaccination regimens and natural infection are lacking. In this study, we aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of the immunogenicity between homologous primary vaccination regimens and heterologous prime\u2010boost vaccination using BNT162b2 or mRNA\u20101273.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We matched vaccinated na\u00efve (VN) individuals (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009673) with partial vaccination (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200964), primary vaccination (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009590), and primary series plus mRNA vaccine heterologous booster (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919) with unvaccinated naturally infected (NI) individuals with a documented primary SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009206). We measured the levels of neutralizing total antibodies (NTAbs), total antibodies (TAbs), anti\u2010S\u2010RBD IgG, and anti\u2010S1 IgA titers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Homologous primary vaccination with ChAdOx1 not only showed less potent NTAb, TAb, anti\u2010S\u2010RBD IgG, and anti\u2010S1 IgA immune responses compared to primary BNT162b2 or mRNA\u20101273 vaccination regimens (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) but also showed ~3\u2010fold less anti\u2010S1 IgA response compared to infection\u2010induced immunity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Nevertheless, a heterologous booster led to an increase of ~12 times in the immune response when compared to two consecutive homologous ChAdOx1 immunizations. Furthermore, correlation analyses revealed that both anti\u2010S\u2010RBD IgG and anti\u2010S1 IgA significantly contributed to virus neutralization among NI individuals, particularly in symptomatic and pauci\u2010symptomatic individuals, whereas among VN individuals, anti\u2010S\u2010RBD IgG was the main contributor to virus neutralization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results emphasize the potential benefit of using heterologous mRNA boosters to increase antibody levels and neutralizing capacity particularly in patients who received primary vaccination with ChAdOx1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T03:35:10Z","timestamp":1714966510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Follow\u2010Up and Comparative Assessment of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgA, IgG, Neutralizing, and Total Antibody Responses After BNT162b2 or mRNA\u20101273 Heterologous Booster Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Salma","family":"Younes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences Qatar University  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Nicolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Pieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry Tor Vergata University Hospital  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Bernardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine University of Rome Tor Vergata  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Clinical Biochemistry Tor Vergata University Hospital  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanin\u00a0I.","family":"Daas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dental Medicine, QU Health Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duaa\u00a0W.","family":"Al\u2010Sadeq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadin","family":"Younes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences Qatar University  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farah\u00a0M.","family":"Shurrab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parveen\u00a0B.","family":"Nizamuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fathima","family":"Humaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nader","family":"Al\u2010Dewik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Translational and Precision Medicine Research Lab, Women's Wellness and Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Genomics and Precision Medicine (GPM), College of Health &amp; Life Science (CHLS) Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU)  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadi\u00a0M.","family":"Yassine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences Qatar University  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0790-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laith\u00a0J.","family":"Abu\u2010Raddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar Cornell University, Qatar Foundation \u2013 Education City  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV\/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013Qatar Cornell University, Qatar Foundation \u2013 Education City  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University  New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department Ministry of Public Health  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9252-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gheyath\u00a0K.","family":"Nasrallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences Qatar University  Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Center Qatar University  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"WHO \u201cWHO Coronavirus (COVID\u201019) Dashboard [Internet] \u201dhttps:\/\/covid19.who.int\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"\u201cTotal COVID\u201019 Vaccine Doses Administered\u2014Our World in Data \u201d accessed 16 Mar 2023 https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/cumulative\u2010covid\u2010vaccinations?country=~OWID_WRL."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cUnderstanding mRNA COVID\u201019 Vaccines \u201d Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021).https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/vaccines\/different\u2010vaccines\/mrna.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114228"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2114114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02183-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2119432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taac130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7104e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203965"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7107e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02249-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2200797"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Agency E.M \u201cEMA and ECDC Recommendations on Heterologous Vaccination Courses Against COVID\u201019: \u2018Mix\u2010and\u2010Match\u2019 Approach Can Be Used for Both Initial Courses and Boosters \u201d (2021) https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/news\/ema\u2010ecdc\u2010recommendations\u2010heterologous\u2010vaccination\u2010courses\u2010against\u2010covid\u201019\u2010mix\u2010match\u2010approach\u2010can\u2010be."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473\u20103099(15)00362\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.4218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(20)30476\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v2020435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1902245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2104840"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2105385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)02717\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"\u201cJCVI Statement Regarding a COVID\u201019 Booster Vaccine Programme for Winter 2021 to 2022 \u201d Department of Health and Social Care (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.Zedan H. M.Yassine D. W.Al\u2010Sadeq et\u00a0al. \u201cEvaluation of a Novel Fully Automated and ELISA\u2010Based Assays for Detecting Anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Neutralizing Antibodies \u201d Research Square (2022).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1718587\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252317"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"A.Ismail F. M.Shurrab H. T.Al\u2010Jighefee et\u00a0al. \u201cCan Commercial Automated Immunoassays Be Utilized to Predict Neutralizing Antibodies After SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Infection? A Comparative Study Between Three Different Assays \u201d (2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.917905"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01126-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00657-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2107717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01527-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","unstructured":"A.Flaxman N. G.Marchevsky D.Jenkin et\u00a0al. \u201cReactogenicity and Immunogenicity After a Late Second Dose or a THIRD DOse of ChAdOx1 nCoV\u201019 in the UK: A Substudy of Two Randomised Controlled Trials (COV001 and COV002)\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.108406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2027906"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120586"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd2223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0965-6"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T06:07:18Z","timestamp":1727762838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.13290"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.13290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.13290","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13290\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13290\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13290\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13290\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13290\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13290\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-03-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13290"}}