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We present data from four districts of Ulaanbaatar from April 2015 to June 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was nested in an enhanced surveillance project evaluating pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) impact on the incidence of hospitalized lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Our study was restricted to children aged &lt;\u20092\u2009years with arterial O\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      saturation &lt;\u200993% and children with radiological pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs collected at admission were tested for RSV and influenza using qRT\u2010PCR. NP swabs of all patients with radiological pneumonia and of a subset of randomly selected NP swabs were tested for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>S.\u2009pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>S.p<\/jats:italic>\n                      .) by qPCR and for serotypes by culture and DNA microarray.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 5705 patients, 2113 (37.0%) and 386 (6.8%) had RSV and influenza infections, respectively. Children aged 2\u20136\u2009months had a higher percentage of very severe RSV infection compared to those older than 6\u2009months (42.2% versus 31.4%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010value Fisher's exact\u2009=\u20090.001).\n                      <jats:italic>S.p<\/jats:italic>\n                      . carriage was detected in 1073\/2281 (47.0%) patients. Among\n                      <jats:italic>S.p<\/jats:italic>\n                      . carriage cases, 363\/1073 (33.8%) had\n                      <jats:italic>S.p<\/jats:italic>\n                      . and RSV codetection, and 82\/1073 (7.6%) had\n                      <jats:italic>S.p<\/jats:italic>\n                      . and influenza codetection.\n                      <jats:italic>S.p<\/jats:italic>\n                      . codetection with RSV\/influenza was not associated with more severe LRTIs, compared to only RSV\/influenza cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In Mongolia, RSV is an important pathogen causing more severe LRTI in children under 6\u2009months of age. Codetection of RSV or influenza virus and\n                      <jats:italic>S.p<\/jats:italic>\n                      . was not associated with increased severity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T23:48:19Z","timestamp":1715903299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Influenza Infections in Children in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 2015\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2401-8980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lien\u00a0Anh\u00a0Ha","family":"Do","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New Vaccines Group Murdoch Children's Research Institute  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics The University of Melbourne  Parkville 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