{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:09:39Z","timestamp":1789268979656,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006088","name":"National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CK000437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CK000437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014009","name":"Center for State, Tribal, Local and Territorial Support","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01CK000580"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CK000580"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic underscored the need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. In August 2020, the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID\u201019 Antigen Card test became available as a timely and affordable alternative for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 molecular testing, but its performance may vary due to factors including timing and symptomatology. This study evaluates BinaxNOW diagnostic performance in diverse epidemiological contexts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using RT\u2010PCR as reference, we assessed performance of the BinaxNOW COVID\u201019 test for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 detection in anterior nasal swabs from participants of two studies in Puerto Rico from December 2020 to May 2023. Test performance was assessed by days post symptom onset, collection strategy, vaccination status, symptomatology, repeated testing, and RT\u2010PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BinaxNOW demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 84.1% and specificity of 98.8%. Sensitivity peaked within 1\u20136\u2009days after symptom onset (93.2%) and was higher for symptomatic (86.3%) than asymptomatic (67.3%) participants. Sensitivity declined over the course of infection, dropping from 96.3% in the initial test to 48.4% in testing performed 7\u201314\u2009days later. BinaxNOW showed 99.5% sensitivity in participants with low Ct values (\u2264\u200925) but lower sensitivity (18.2%) for participants with higher Cts (36\u201340).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BinaxNOW demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, particularly in early\u2010stage infections and symptomatic participants. In\u00a0situations where test sensitivity is crucial for clinical decision\u2010making, nucleic acid amplification tests are preferred. These findings highlight the importance of considering clinical and epidemiological context when interpreting test results and emphasize the need for ongoing research to adapt testing strategies to emerging SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T19:19:05Z","timestamp":1721935145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Diagnostic Accuracy of the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID\u201019 Antigen Card Test, Puerto Rico"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5667-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary\u00a0J.","family":"Madewell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea\u00a0G.","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Graff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dania\u00a0M.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ponce Research Institute Ponce Health Sciences University  Ponce Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole\u00a0A.","family":"Medina\u00a0Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Tosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Perez\u2010Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7274-9641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah\u00a0R.","family":"Volkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Bertr\u00e1n\u2010Pasarell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auxilio Mutuo Hospital  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Sainz\u00a0de\u00a0la\u00a0Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auxilio Mutuo Hospital  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Munoz\u2010Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilberto\u00a0A.","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Lorenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Rivera\u2010Amill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ponce Research Institute Ponce Health Sciences University  Ponce Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0483-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa\u00a0A.","family":"Rolfes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8478-4911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Paz\u2010Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura\u00a0E.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua\u00a0M.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector\u2010Borne Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cWHO Coronavirus (COVID\u201019) Dashboard \u201d (2023) accessed October 12 2023 https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cIsolation and Precautions for People With COVID\u201019 \u201d (2023) accessed October 3 2023 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/your\u2010health\/isolation.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2109229118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22\u20100149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2030340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118542"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013705.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7003e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.01008\u201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01742\u201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249710"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1890"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010416"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009966"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005859"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","unstructured":"Departamento de Salud Puerto Rico \u201cOrden Administrativa N\u00fam. 2021\u2013496 \u201d September 26 2023 accessed September 26 2023 https:\/\/www.salud.pr.gov\/CMS\/DOWNLOAD\/3636."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"Abbott \u201cBinaxNOW COVID\u201019 Antigen Test \u201d (2023) accessed October 12 2023 https:\/\/www.globalpointofcare.abbott\/us\/en\/product\u2010details\/binaxnow\u2010covid\u201019\u2010antigen\u2010self\u2010test\u2010us.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.201246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cCDC's Influenza SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Multiplex Assay \u201d (2023) accessed November 9 2023 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/lab\/multiplex.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02295996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2904.221700"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cInvestigative Criteria for Suspected Cases of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Reinfection (ICR) \u201d (2023) accessed September 8 2023 https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/96072."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/l22\u20100257"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2022.1827"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7019a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cConsiderations for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Antigen Testing for Healthcare Providers Testing Individuals in the Community \u201d (2023) accessed September 27 2023 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/lab\/resources\/antigen\u2010tests\u2010guidelines.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food & Drug Administration \u201cAt\u2010Home COVID\u201019 Antigen Tests\u2010Take Steps to Reduce Your Risk of False Negative Results: FDA Safety Communication \u201d (2024) accessed February 5 2024 https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical\u2010devices\/safety\u2010communications\/home\u2010covid\u201019\u2010antigen\u2010tests\u2010take\u2010steps\u2010reduce\u2010your\u2010risk\u2010false\u2010negative\u2010results\u2010fda\u2010safety."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010022\u201001780\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.714242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab337"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","unstructured":"Public Health England \u201cUnderstanding Cycle Threshold (Ct) in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 RT\u2010PCR \u201d (2023) accessed November 8 2023 https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5f85c727d3bf7f633cfcbd1f\/Understanding_Cycle_Threshold__Ct__in_SARS\u2010CoV\u20102_RT\u2010PCR_.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1491"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010023\u201008407\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.9317"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.28008"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Viral Load and Shedding Kinetics","volume":"21","author":"Puhach O.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666\u20105247(23)00139\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24171\/j.phrp.2023.0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112420"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.02.09.23285583"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m22\u20100760"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102022\u2010067591"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cOverview of Testing for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 the Virus That Causes COVID\u201019 \u201d (2023) accessed September 27 2023 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019\u2010ncov\/hcp\/testing\u2010overview.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.07.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02029-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cVariant Proportions \u201d (2023) accessed October 2 2023 https:\/\/covid.cdc.gov\/covid\u2010data\u2010tracker\/."}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T10:11:54Z","timestamp":1721988714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.13305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.13305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.13305","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.12.14.23299967","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13305"}}