{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:08:04Z","timestamp":1791058084842,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]],"date-time":"2024-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seroepidemiological studies provide estimates of population\u2010level immunity, prevalence\/incidence of infections, and evaluation of vaccination programs. We assessed the seroprevalence of protective antibodies against influenza and evaluated the correlation of seroprevalence with the cumulative annual influenza incidence rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted an annual repeated cross\u2010sectional seroepidemiological survey, during June\u2013August, from 2014 to 2019, in Portugal. A total of 4326 sera from all age groups, sex, and regions was tested by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Seroprevalence and geometric mean titers (GMT) of protective antibodies against influenza were assessed by age group, sex, and vaccine status (65+\u2009years old). The association between summer annual seroprevalence and the difference of influenza incidence rates between one season and the previous one was measured by Pearson correlation coefficient (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant differences in seroprevalence of protective antibodies against influenza were observed in the population. Higher seroprevalence and GMT for A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were observed in children (5\u201314); influenza B seroprevalence in adults 65+ was 1.6\u20134.4 times than in children (0\u20134). Vaccinated participants (65+) showed significant higher seroprevalence\/GMT for influenza. A strong negative and significant correlation was found between seroprevalence and ILI incidence rate for A(H1N1)pdm09 in children between 5 and 14 (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.84; 95% CI, \u22120.98 to \u22120.07); a weak negative correlation was observed for A(H3N2) and B\/Yamagata (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u2009\u22120.1).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study provides new insight into the anti\u2010influenza antibodies seroprevalence measured in summer on the ILI incidence rate in the next season and the need for adjusted preventive health care measures to prevent influenza infection and transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T02:19:58Z","timestamp":1716776398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seroprevalence of Protective Antibodies Against Influenza and the Reduction of the Influenza Incidence Rate: An Annual Repeated Cross\u2010Sectional Study From 2014 to 2019"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4563-6315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Guiomar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases Department National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Pereira\u00a0da\u00a0Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases Department National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Conde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases Department National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases Department National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00a0Paula","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Dr.\u00aa Laura Ayres  Faro Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00a0Paula","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, E. P. E.  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00a0Rita","family":"Couto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Santo Esp\u00edrito da Ilha Terceira, E. P. E.R.  Angra do Hero\u00edsmo Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, E. P. E.  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit \u2013 Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Moita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade da Guarda, E. P. E.  Guarda Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital do Esp\u00edrito Santo de \u00c9vora, E. P. E.  \u00c9vora Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade da Guarda, E. P. E.  Guarda Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital do Esp\u00edrito Santo de \u00c9vora, E. P. E.  \u00c9vora Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1come","family":"Bruges\u00a0Armas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Santo Esp\u00edrito da Ilha Terceira, E. P. E.R.  Angra do Hero\u00edsmo Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pereira\u2010Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, E. P. E.  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Central e Universit\u00e1rio da Madeira  Funchal Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludivina","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Central e Universit\u00e1rio da Madeira  Funchal Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, E.P. E.  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Milho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica Dr.\u00aa Laura Ayres  Faro Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1451-6705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Mota\u2010Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital do Divino Espirito Santo de Ponta Delgada, E. P. E. R.  Ponta Delgada Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lurdes","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, E. P. E.  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira Guimar\u00e3es, E. P. E.  Guimar\u00e3es Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria\u00a0Ana","family":"Pessanha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, E. P. E.  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra, E. P. E.  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria\u00a0Helena","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, E. P. E.  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria\u00a0Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio de S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, E. P. E.  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria\u00a0Jo\u00e3o","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Set\u00fabal, E. P. E.  Set\u00fabal Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, E.P. E.  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Amantegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Cova da Beira, E. P. E.  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira Guimar\u00e3es, E. P. E.  Guimar\u00e3es Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia\/Espinho, E. P. E.  Vila Nova de Gaia Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto, E. P. E.  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina","family":"Viseu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Set\u00fabal, E. P. E.  Set\u00fabal Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital do Divino Espirito Santo de Ponta Delgada, E. P. E. R.  Ponta Delgada Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"C\u00f4rte\u2010Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa Central, E. P. E.  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Cova da Beira, E. P. E.  Covilh\u00e3 Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e2nia","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia\/Espinho, E. P. E.  Vila Nova de Gaia Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal","family":"Mansinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, E. P. E.  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olav","family":"Hungnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian National Influenza Centre Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baltazar","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IP  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. A.Murphy \u201cEpidemiology of Human and Animal Viral Diseases \u201d Elsevier (2008) https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7173407\/pdf\/main.pdf.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012374410-4.00390-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110506"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577\u2010019\u20100143\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666\u20105247(21)00180\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2805.211965"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12805"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010021\u201012426\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201026948\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Laboratory Diagnosis and Virological Surveillance of Influenza","author":"WHO","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cRecommendations for Influenza Vaccine Composition \u201d WHO (2023) https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global\u2010influenza\u2010programme\/vaccines\/who\u2010recommendations."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.5938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION (EU) 2018\/945 of 22 June 2018 on the Communicable Diseases and Related Special Health Issues to Be Covered by Epidemiological Surveillance As Well as Relevant Case Definitions","volume":"2119","author":"European Commision","year":"2018","journal-title":"Official Journal of the European Union"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002864"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0256475"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256427"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab422"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac734"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12974"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684\u2010022\u20100930\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"DGS \u201cVacina\u00e7\u00e3o contra a gripe \u201d \u00c9poca 2018\/2019. Norma 018\/2018 Published (2018) http:\/\/www.infarmed.pt\/web\/infarmed\/portalram."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Sa\u00fade Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA) I \u201cTaxa de Cobertura da Vacina Antigripal Sazonal. dados.gov \u201d Published (2023) Accessed August 23 2023 https:\/\/dados.gov.pt\/pt\/datasets\/taxa\u2010de\u2010cobertura\u2010da\u2010vacina\u2010antigripal\u2010sazonal\u20101\/#resources."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1801149"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07231.Neutralizing"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560\u20107917.ES.2016.21.16.30201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.567184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430\u2010009\u20100108\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00396\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12935"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541\u2010022\u201000490\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"\u201c_Pedro Pechirra Paula Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o In\u00eas Costa Patr\u00edcia Conde RG \u201dPrograma Nacional de Vigil\u00e2ncia Da Gripe: Relat\u00f3rio Da \u00c9poca2018\/2019. INSA IP (2019) http:\/\/repositorio.insa.pt\/handle\/10400.18\/3175."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2015.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075339"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.045401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038929"}],"container-title":["Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/irv.13307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T06:06:13Z","timestamp":1727762773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/irv.13307"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/irv.13307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/irv.13307","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13307\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13307\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13307\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/IRV.13307\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1750-2640","1750-2659"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1750-2640","type":"print"},{"value":"1750-2659","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13307"}}