{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:29:35Z","timestamp":1788172175795,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Influenza Resp Viruses"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza B\/Yamagata viruses exhibited weak antigenic selection in recent years, reducing their prevalence over time and requiring no update of the vaccine component since 2015. To date, no B\/Yamagata viruses have been isolated or sequenced since March 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The antibody prevalence against the current B\/Yamagata vaccine strain in Italy was investigated: For each influenza season from 2012\/2013 to 2021\/2022, 100 human serum samples were tested by haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay against the vaccine strain B\/Phuket\/3073\/2013. In addition, the sequences of 156 B\/Yamagata strains isolated during the influenza surveillance activities were selected for analysis of the haemagglutinin genome segment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>About 61.9% of the human samples showed HAI antibodies, and 21.7% had protective antibody levels. The prevalence of antibodies at protective levels in the seasons between the isolation of the strain and its inclusion in the vaccine was between 11% and 25%, with no significant changes observed in subsequent years. A significant increase was observed in the 2020\/2021 season, in line with the increase in influenza vaccine uptake during the pandemic. Sequence analysis showed that from 2014\/2015 season onward, all B\/Yamagata strains circulating in Italy were closely related to the B\/Phuket\/2013 vaccine strain, showing only limited amino acid variation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A consistent prevalence of antibodies to the current B\/Yamagata vaccine strain in the general population was observed. The prolonged use of a well\u2010matched influenza vaccine and a low antigenic diversity of B\/Yamagata viruses may have facilitated a strong reduction in B\/Yamagata circulation, potentially contributing to the disappearance of this lineage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T01:44:22Z","timestamp":1726019062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence of Influenza B\/Yamagata Viruses From Season 2012\/2013 to 2021\/2022 in Italy as an Indication of a Potential Lineage Extinction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6817-2461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Marchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1063-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Bruttini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tuscan Centre of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Milano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Manini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1043-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Chironna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine University of Bari Aldo Moro  Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Pariani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health University of Milan  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Manenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VisMederi srl  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otfried","family":"Kistner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VisMederi srl  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Montomoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena  Siena Italy"},{"name":"VisMederi srl  Siena Italy"},{"name":"VisMederi Research srl  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Temperton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy University of Kent and Greenwich Chatham Maritime  Kent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7229-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia\u00a0Maria","family":"Trombetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine University of Siena  Siena Italy"},{"name":"VisMederi Research srl  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00642-4"},{"issue":"97","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Vaccines against Influenza: WHO Position Paper \u2010 May 2022","volume":"19","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","journal-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"27(39)","article-title":"Has Influenza B\/Yamagata Become Extinct and What Implications Might This Have for Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines?","volume":"27","author":"Paget J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Caini A.Meijer M. 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